You all sump fuel? Also, what is this!!??? (Not clickbait)

Do you sump your fuel tanks?

  • Yes, before every flight

    Votes: 39 36.4%
  • Yes, before first flight of the day

    Votes: 65 60.7%
  • No way.

    Votes: 3 2.8%

  • Total voters
    107
I’ve sumped a Jet 6 hours after fueling, and it showed up clean. We made a precautionary landing due to fuel issues that evening, and the next morning we got about half a quart of rusty water out of the tank that turned out to be the center of our problems. It had affected both gauging and transfer after takeoff.
We sump airliners every 7 days. Never had anyone report contamination. The worst part of sumping is the 50/50 gamble that the drain will actually close when you withdraw the probe.
 
The worst part of sumping is the 50/50 gamble that the drain will actually close when you withdraw the probe.
Had that happen doing proving runs. Feds weren’t any happier than us to have to spend another night on the road.
 
Here's an interesting test where they poured 64 ounces of water (half a gallon) into a 152 fuel tank and the water never reached the sump drain.


I know there is a video on youtube about another sump issue but I can't seem to find it.

Bottom line is that few ounces you are draining is almost never gonna tell you if you have water in the tanks, only that you have SO MUCH WATER that it actually made it to the sump drain to actually be detected.
There no indication in the description whether the test was done with the tank flat or angled to simulate the wing's dihedral, but that could make a big difference. From the pictures, of the water spread, it looks like not.
 
Here's an interesting test where they poured 64 ounces of water (half a gallon) into a 152 fuel tank and the water never reached the sump drain.


I know there is a video on youtube about another sump issue but I can't seem to find it.

Bottom line is that few ounces you are draining is almost never gonna tell you if you have water in the tanks, only that you have SO MUCH WATER that it actually made it to the sump drain to actually be detected.
I may have missed it, but how long between adding water and sumping?
 
The fun continues...

Other pilot did a poker run yesterday. I don't know whether fuel was sumped. This AM pulled another slightly less amount as the brown **** the other day from the left main tank. This time it was clear but hazy/slimy - sort of like when a beer gets an infection for brewers out there. (I also pulled about 1/2" of pure drinkable water from the right main. Sumped all 6 tanks (incl tips - i almost never sump tips). Nothing but blue from aux's and tips.

After it all got to running blue, I fired it up to head out for cheap fuel. I made it right about to the edge of the delta before I lost #3 on the left side. Tried to switch tanks- no bueno. Turned around to the left downwind and landed as normal. Side note - my first sort of emergency ever, as tame as it was. But now I don't know if i ever want to fly a single. This thing was a total non event with two engines.

Anyway - fuel flow gauge (suspect it's really fuel pressure) was significantly higher on the left - So me thinks it's a plugged injector.


So - where do you all think I'm getting all this water/muck from?
 
Sumping immediately after refueling probably isn't going to reveal much, since water would likely be in suspension for some time. Give it 15 minutes instead of 15 seconds, in my opinion.
And getting on end of the wing and rocking the plane helps any water to settle.
 
So - where do you all think I'm getting all this water/muck from?

From what you've described, it doesn't seem like new intrusion. Sounds more like it's been in there a while and is getting caught somewhere before it finally gets to the sump. Were I you (and I'm not), I think I'd drain the tanks dry and inspect them with a borescope. At a minimum, you'll know you've gotten all the water and crud out and can start fresh.

If you're correct that you had a plugged injector, it may well have been crud from your tank that plugged it, and if you don't address the problem you'll face worse consequences before long.

The plane has given you fair warning.
 
haven't read the whole thread, but have the tanks ever been sealed? maybe it's old sealant oozing out, or something like that.
 
haven't read the whole thread, but have the tanks ever been sealed? maybe it's old sealant oozing out, or something like that.
bladders - and one of the bladders is fairly new, the other not super old.
 
bladders - and one of the bladders is fairly new, the other not super old.
I don't know the bladder process but is there any kind of goop they use, maybe not an 'adhesive' but something to help them stick to the walls, or maybe some goop that keeps them wet? I'm reaching, I know....
 
bladders - and one of the bladders is fairly new, the other not super old.

Bladders have a reputation for holding water in folds. That is the extent of my layman's knowledge. But I am sure the A&P's on the board can provide troubleshooting procedures. Definitely not business as usual until fixed, so don't be taking any night trips to Bermuda.
 
So why is the norm to not sump jet / jet-a planes. Slightly off topic, but I never see it done…
 
From what you've described, it doesn't seem like new intrusion. Sounds more like it's been in there a while and is getting caught somewhere before it finally gets to the sump. Were I you (and I'm not), I think I'd drain the tanks dry and inspect them with a borescope. At a minimum, you'll know you've gotten all the water and crud out and can start fresh.

If you're correct that you had a plugged injector, it may well have been crud from your tank that plugged it, and if you don't address the problem you'll face worse consequences before long.

The plane has given you fair warning.
This is basically where our heads are at. The plane is now offline. Tomorrow we're going to sump - just for funnsies. Then I think tomorrow evening we'll have left tank borescoped and fuel injection cleaned. More to come!

So why is the norm to not sump jet / jet-a planes. Slightly off topic, but I never see it done…
Not super off topic - I've never sumped the jet-a plane I fly. Should I be?
 
So why is the norm to not sump jet / jet-a planes. Slightly off topic, but I never see it done…
I always sumped the DA40NG.

Edit: I also had to add a few minutes to pre-flight in order to let the smell dissipate. That could be demotivational.
 
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Anyway - fuel flow gauge (suspect it's really fuel pressure) was significantly higher on the left - So me thinks it's a plugged injector.
So when you're in getting the injectors cleaned... ALL of them. It sounds like it is time to flush the tanks and do a borescope. And now days they are a few $$ at any auto parts store, so your mechanic should only charge their time vs any major "borescope" fee.
 
True on Mx function but it only takes getting bad fuel once to bring you down. What about like getting fuel that’s had def put into it. That crystallized junk goes right to the bottom and makes the fuel look more like milk.
 
True on Mx function but it only takes getting bad fuel once to bring you down. What about like getting fuel that’s had def put into it. That crystallized junk goes right to the bottom and makes the fuel look more like milk.

Probably more to do with the quality control on the delivery side. You don't see jets being refueled at some self service type pump from a fuel tank that hasn't been checked in years with filters that are way past their due date (at least in the US).
 
Just curious, does ‘cleaning fuel injectors’ fall under owner maintenance ?

I think so, using the Coleal interpretation. Meets the PM definition and is similar to replacing spark plugs, which is one of the examples in Part 43 Appendix A. There is a Lycoming service instruction that describes the procedure.
 
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There no indication in the description whether the test was done with the tank flat or angled to simulate the wing's dihedral, but that could make a big difference. From the pictures, of the water spread, it looks like not.
They did say:
"For the test, this tank was configured using a standard installation for a Cessna 152 tank. It was installed in a Cessna 152 Model aircraft that was parked in a normal ground attitude. The test was performed under conditions that simulated a normal preflight check."

That was on page 1. I linked to page 2 where they showed the 64 ounces not even reaching the sump drain.
 
I may have missed it, but how long between adding water and sumping?
"At the start of the test, 2.5 gallons of fuel was added to the tank making the total fuel 5.5 gallons with no water. From here, a 2 ounce quantity of water was added and permitted to settle to the bottom of the tank"

Read the site, it will answer all your questions.
 
So why is the norm to not sump jet / jet-a planes. Slightly off topic, but I never see it done…
As I posted my airline only sumps fuel once every 7 days as part of a routine check. We can do this check at the gate, but its usually only on RON (Remain OverNight) ships done late at night.

Airline fuel tanks are basically sealed systems. There are no free air vents. If pressure builds, a valve opens only long enough to vent the pressure and then closes. If the tanks are under a lower atmospheric pressure a vacuum relief valve opens only long enough for pressure to equalize.

Fuel is sent in pressurized from a closed fueling system (unless you are doing something like an overwing fueling). Fresh fuel is always being added meaning that entrained and emulsified water is constantly being burned.

Smaller private jets/turboprops usually don't have single point refueling and most smaller airports don't have the equipment to do single point/pressurized fueling. Not sure what they do. My guess is that the normal cycling of fuel (via motive pumps or electric pumps) to the engine (fuel can be used as a coolant via oil to fuel coolers) so I can visualize that the water would mixed with the jet a and burned.

GA AC have open vents, poorly sealed tank caps and fuel that sits around for days/weeks.
 
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So why is the norm to not sump jet / jet-a planes. Slightly off topic, but I never see it done…
Most ops at that level have an approved fuel management plan which includes fuel management of the fuel onboard an aircraft. How specific and exacting usually depends on ops type like 135, 121, etc. Some plans restrict where fuel can be purchased, etc. and have some type of audit system included in the plan. For example, a local FBO fuel systems supplies fuel to 3 airlines which required their refuel program to be accepted by all 3 operators and is audited on a regular basis. But errors can still happen, its just few and far between when compared to smaller airport systems which don't fall under a similar requirement.
 
Yes, I sump before the first flight and after refueling if I'm flying again. It one of those potential gotchas that it easy to check.
 
That's typically a maintenance function.
Yea, but he's going in for the one potentially bad cylinder/injector. I would *hope* the mechanic cleans them all, but if he goes in for ONE cylinder, they could only look at ONE cylinder...

And, of course, they may find some totally unrelated issue.
 
Yea, but he's going in for the one potentially bad cylinder/injector. I would *hope* the mechanic cleans them all, but if he goes in for ONE cylinder, they could only look at ONE cylinder...

And, of course, they may find some totally unrelated issue.

You have misunderstood my post. Has nothing to do with fuel injectors.
 
I think so, using the Coleal interpretation. Meets the PM definition and is similar to replacing spark plugs, which is one of the examples in Part 43 Appendix A. There is a Lycoming service instruction that describes the procedure.
I think that would be a stretch. While I can see an owner remove an injector to look at it and reinstall under prevent mx, the cleaning process requires a testing procedure to determine final serviceability that would be outside the purview of Part 43 prevent mx.
 
Depends.

A rental or any plane parked outside? Absolutely every flight.

My own plane parked in a hangar only I have access to, filled with fuel I also control? Not so much.
I do the same.

I also prefer that when I will be parked outside, like on a XC, that the plane be fueled upon arrival to give time for any water to settle before I sump before flight.
 
Back in my old Navy "Plane Captain" days, we'd half fill a Mason jar for each tank first thing in the morning. If there was any contaminant in the jar, we'd dump it in the "slop" container and pull another, and keep doing it till the sample was clean. We'd write the number of samples it took in grease pencil on each jar and stick then in the Fuel Sample Locker. We also wrote it in the logbook kept in there so that we could spot trends. On the Daily inspection report in maintenance control, we had to check the block that said the aircraft had been sumped before first flight that day. The only time I've failed to eventually pull a clean fuel sample was on an aircraft that was found to have been left on the line without being sumped for some time (not one of our squadron's aircraft). So much water had accumulated in the low points, they began growing some kind of algae. Both fuel bladders had to be replaced and the entire fuel system flushed.

I sump rentals on every preflight. And I'd sump any aircraft I fly before the first flight of the day.
 
This guy's story that Flightchops did a video on is topical to this thread. One of his comments I believe was to be aware of water getting trapped in bladders.

 
Here's an interesting test where they poured 64 ounces of water (half a gallon) into a 152 fuel tank and the water never reached the sump drain.
Yes, the 150/152 tanks are bad that way.
Bottom line is that few ounces you are draining is almost never gonna tell you if you have water in the tanks, only that you have SO MUCH WATER that it actually made it to the sump drain to actually be detected.
Now, that is an unfortunate and untrue generalization. Most light aircraft tanks are properly shaped to drain water to the sump. Experience matters here.

Furthermore, that test mentions that the airplane was 'in normal ground attitude." When I watched it years ago, i remember no details given on the levelness of the ground, nor on the nosegear strut inflation extension. Both of those matter big time with those airplanes.
Condensation is a bigger threat than rain. I've always been told to fill the tanks after the last flight to reduce the condensation generated. GA fuel tanks are vented, so there is always a temp differential and an ingress for moisture to enter.
Rain or snowmelt is a much bigger problem. Some years ago here on POA we did some calculations involving the worst temperature swings we could expect, the amount of water in saturated air (nearly fog) and the volume of the tanks. Even assuming that ALL the water in the air condensed in the tanks and the air was dry when it left, the amount of water was extremely tiny. The same applies to engine crankcases, where combustion gas blowby is a far bigger source of water than atmospheric moisture.

Fuel tank caps are routinely ignored on inspections. Gaskets get hard and shrunken and cracked. The steel filler neck flange gets rusty and rough. The Cessna cap, with its silicone "umbrella" check valve (that lets air in if the main vent is plugged) loses its elasticity with age and lets water past it. If there is snow on the wing, snowmelt is trapped around the filler and it runs through the vent holes and its weight will take it past that check valve. The older flush caps need new O-rings regularly, and the small O-ring around the locking stem gets missed, and water gets in. Lots of it. The steel filler neck needs to be clean and smooth for the larger external O-ring to seal. Many of those have been replaced with the raised caps as part of an AD termination.

Monarch did some tests on such caps and installations as part of their development process, They found that most caps will easily let water in.
https://www.monarchcaps.com/
 
I've lost friends who didn't sump. It's worth a second and a little bit of fuel to save your life.
...was thinkin' about them recently.

Still missed. A lot.

You're damn right I sump the tanks, before every flight and after each fueling (which usually is the same time).
 
Find a new mechanic! Mine are checked regularly.
I did this myself. Change out the O rings especially the center small one. 182 and Mooney. Both sat outside. Never water and both were the old killer caps. It’s not hard.

The Mooney especially never let line man close them. It takes both hands to close. One to hold cap and one to close handle. Lineman would do it one handed while holding gas nozzle in the other. They would put cap on turn handle then wack the lever down with fist. Sure to bend tabs.
 
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