Retirement questions

I can only roll my eyes at the lunacy of politicians touting subsidies as a way to “control healthcare costs.” Subsidies drive costs up, not down, while shifting the responsibility for bearing those higher costs.

It’s a sham, and unfortunately we have an electorate that will continue voting for it.
 
This is one example of how broken the system has become. Gov subsidizes healthcare, healthcare costs skyrocket, people who are able look for ways to beat the system, our leaders decry a broken system (that they broke) saying they need to do more to fix the system.
I don’t like the game at all, but I will play the best hand I can with the cards I’m dealt.
 
people who are able look for ways to beat the system

Not unlike the very wealthy who can hire top notch tax accountants and lawyers to find every possible tax loophole. Again totally legal gaming of the system, it just sucks that these systems are so broken.

According to Google over 600,000 Americans work for the health insurance industry. All of those hands out between you and the doctor.

EDIT: And ACA insured that even more would get a slice of that pie.
 
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Not unlike the very wealthy who can hire top notch tax accountants and lawyers to find every possible tax loophole. Again totally legal gaming of the system, it just sucks that these systems are so broken.

According to Google over 600,000 Americans work for the health insurance industry. All of those hands out between you and the doctor.

EDIT: And ACA insured that even more would get a slice of that pie.
For clarity, I wasn't finding fault at all with you, Bill.
 
I don’t like the game at all, but I will play the best hand I can with the cards I’m dealt.
Same.

When I was considering retirement, I had to look very carefully at that ACA cliff. That did make a difference to me in when and how I retired. I was able to work things out and set a date. Then Covid hit, the government started throwing cash from the rooftops and extended that cliff out into a slope (temporarily). I then didn't have to pay such close attention, and went ahead and retired. I think I was out on that slope just a little bit, but things were still very reasonable. Last year, we had some income I hadn't considered (Social Security, among others) that pushed us out farther on that slope. That cost us quite a bit more in taxes, both income and subsidy payback. What catches people with a very unhappy surprise is that once you no longer get that subsidy, you do have to pay it back for all the months you did get it. I used an example back in this thread somewhere: My neighbor was working for our local school bus company, and one of the drivers had to quit. She was about to go over the limit (this was pre-slope extended subsidy). Not only would her premiums go from $50 to much, much higher than $50, but since she would lose the subsidy for the whole year she'd have to make up for the difference from Jan to Oct, and not just from Nov to Dec. Like my premiums going up to $1200 next year, she wouldn't just have to pay for Nov/Dec, she'd have to pay back for the whole year.

Next year is going to be interesting for me. I go onto Medicare in April, so I just need to cover Jan/Feb/Mar in ACA. The cliff might very well be back. I can stress out over setting my income for the whole year in order to save by keeping our income below the cliff limit, or I can just accept that the first quarter is going to cost me $3600 and not worry about it.
 
Student loans ended up being a scam too. Government assistance to student borrowers for tuition ended up being abused by secondary educational institutions. Shame on the students for not being able to do the economic analysis, but more shame on the colleges and universities for allowing the bad math to be executed for their own selfish reasons. The only reason I don’t blame politicians is because I don’t expect them to be that smart.
 
Student loans ended up being a scam too. Government assistance to student borrowers for tuition ended up being abused by secondary educational institutions. Shame on the students for not being able to do the economic analysis, but more shame on the colleges and universities for allowing the bad math to be executed for their own selfish reasons.

Just as the banking/auto industry with long term loans. Car companies crank up the prices knowing consumers will take on ever longer terms to get the car they want.

This is how you get $20/hr guys driving $70k pickups.
 
I hate to do it, but it’s totally legal gaming of the system.
Except it was the hand you were dealt. I was dealt the same hand 11 years ago when I tried to forgo ACA and pay on my own. However, my premiums doubled after 2 years so I reconfigured and played my hand with ACA. For 2026 my premiums went up to 300/mo on same silver policy that is 92/mo this year, so I elected to go bronze for my final full year of ACA and got it for 0/mo. If you dig deep enough into ACA you'll find it was intentionally developed to lay the foundation for a single payer system which is why it cannot simply be repealed. One thing most forget about ACA is that it extended the medicaid rolls significantly which is actually the main cost driver. I think the only way out will be if congress will allow interstate commerce of medical insurance however, the insurance lobby is one of the biggest out there.
 
The extended ACA subsidies are a good example of how once a government program gets put into place, it becomes permanent. Now that it's about to expire, and resets back to where it was in 2020 or so, there's a big panic and pressure for Congress to "do something". My guess: they'll say, "OK, we'll extend those benefits again, just this once!" and we'll be back to where we are now, with everyone's tax money paying for everyone else's lower ACA premiums.
 
Except it was the hand you were dealt. I was dealt the same hand 11 years ago when I tried to forgo ACA and pay on my own. However, my premiums doubled after 2 years so I reconfigured and played my hand with ACA. For 2026 my premiums went up to 300/mo on same silver policy that is 92/mo this year, so I elected to go bronze for my final full year of ACA and got it for 0/mo. If you dig deep enough into ACA you'll find it was intentionally developed to lay the foundation for a single payer system which is why it cannot simply be repealed. One thing most forget about ACA is that it extended the medicaid rolls significantly which is actually the main cost driver. I think the only way out will be if congress will allow interstate commerce of medical insurance however, the insurance lobby is one of the biggest out there.
I hear a lot of people mention the law of unintended consequences regarding ACA. I'm not so sure the consequences were unintended.
 
One thing most forget about ACA is that it extended the medicaid rolls significantly

This is the one good point for ACA, it allows everyone a chance to buy healthcare coverage.

I have a replacement heart valve that will again someday require replacement. I’ve tried to buy private individual health care insurance outside of the ACA, but it’s just not possible. Not a one will touch me at ANY price because of this preexisting condition. They all no bid. The marketplace is my only choice.
 
if congress will allow interstate commerce of medical insurance however...
I have been hoping that our current admin will push for this, not only in medical insurance but in all insurance. There are markets that are under-served and not served entirely which may stand to benefit by the change. In Gatlinburg for years I have been told there is only one underwriter for the overnight rental market there. In California my folks tell me they have properties that they are unable to get quoted at any price.
 
Question for those of you who have a "guy." How did you find your "guy" and trust that they're not bending you over on fees? I'm willing to work with a guy but always wonder whether they can do enough more with my money than I can on my own not having to pay their fees.
 
I don’t have a “guy”. I shopped for a guy right before retirement, including asking friends what they were doing. In the end, I had a VERY hard time paying someone to do it for me.

I did it for myself from age 25 to retirement 18 months ago at 57. I was busy as heck - 2 kids of primary school age, climbing the corporate ladder, real estate investing, racing then getting my PPL, and still found time to trade & invest in equities and did pretty dang well on my own. I figured now that I’m not doing as much, I can’t justify paying someone else. I saw all the math, which in my opinion was mostly marketing.

The hardest part for me was trying to convince myself to sell and convert to institutional shares, then unwinding all that shiz if I changed my mind in the future. Most everyone I talked with wanted to manage my money in their funds, rather than advise me on what to do. One I looked at that would advise me wanted a low 5 figure lump sum annually (which was actually much less than the managers) and another wanted $3k for mostly “robo” advice.

I like to be involved, the same way I am with mechanical maintenance, and medical stuff, and the same way I was when I used contractors and consultants at work - I listen to advice then make up my own mind.

I said screw it, I’m rolling my own. I did all right for 30+ years, and if I don’t now, I really won’t know the difference anyway.

My guy is me.
 
Question for those of you who have a "guy." How did you find your "guy" and trust that they're not bending you over on fees? I'm willing to work with a guy but always wonder whether they can do enough more with my money than I can on my own not having to pay their fees.

For background, I work in the financial service industry and spent several years with our investments company before moving over to our bank.

I’ve had financial planners and I’ve done self-directed. If you have the time, education, and desire to go self-directed, you can easily do self-directed planning. If you want an advisor, you can use a fee only CFP who can give you a plan to implement, or you can use a FINRA or SEC registered advisor.

If you hire an advisor, some are flat rate, some charge based on assets under management; 1% isn’t unusual, but I’ve found trust being the hardest thing to justify the fee. What we looked for from our current advisor was someone who educated us on their recommendations not just now, but for the long run and how they helped us achieve goals while mitigating risks….the quality investment. Our current advisor brings in the CFP annually to ensure our plan still works for us and identifies other potential strategies the advisor makes and educates us on the tactical recommendations and we make the decisions.

We also had an interest in some products you can’t (or can’t easily) get over the counter in the private lending world.
 
Question for those of you who have a "guy." How did you find your "guy" and trust that they're not bending you over on fees? I'm willing to work with a guy but always wonder whether they can do enough more with my money than I can on my own not having to pay their fees.
Some of it is word of mouth, some of it is going to retirement seminars until you find someone you’re interested enough in to bring in for an interview. You’re the one hiring him (or her), so take it seriously.

Fees seem fairly standard. Unlike a broker that works on commission, most planners take a fee. 1% seems normal, but most seem pretty flexible on going lower if you have a larger account.

I thought hard about DIY vs managed. If you are confident and savvy, DIY can save you that 0.5% - 1%. But, if you think a pro can squeeze out an extra 0.5% - 1% more than you can, then it’s a wash. The tie breaker for me was continuity. If something happens to the spouse that’s the DIY financial expert, how does the surviving spouse pick up the pieces? A good pro will have some plan in place on how your account would be handled in case he retires or otherwise leaves, and that’s something to ask about.
 
This is the one good point for ACA, it allows everyone a chance to buy healthcare coverage.
Except medicaid recipients do not pay premiums. But I agree ACA made existing conditions, and similar positive coverages legit. However, if you follow the numbers prior to 2021, only 12M people were signed up for non-medicaid ACA coverage. It was projected to be 50M+. And when you compare the increases in medicaid enrollments to the increases in unemployment applications over a same time period, you'll find an interesting connection to how the ACA was developed.

How did you find your "guy" and trust that they're not bending you over on fees?
Depends on what type of "guy" you are looking for. There is no one answer. In my case, I already had an accountant and managed my own investments. In general, when I decided to retire, I developed a plan, ran it by my accountant, and then through an estate attorney recommendation brought the plan to a wealth advisor for input. However, all decisions and financial moves were performed by me and still are today. So whether you want to manage your finances at the core with 3rd party input or outright pay someone else to manage your finances tends to send you down two different rabbit holes.
 
The tie breaker for me was continuity. If something happens to the spouse that’s the DIY financial expert, how does the surviving spouse pick up the pieces? A good pro will have some plan in place on how your account would be handled in case he retires or otherwise leaves, and that’s something to ask about.

This bears emphasis. Even if at a “loss” it may be worth it - the surviving spouse need not know crap about money, but both the impending deceased and the surviving spouse can be at ease - nothing needs to change about how the finances are invested or cashed/spent. One less thing to worry about.
 
Question for those of you who have a "guy." How did you find your "guy" and trust that they're not bending you over on fees? I'm willing to work with a guy but always wonder whether they can do enough more with my money than I can on my own not having to pay their fees.

We had several recommendations from friends and colleagues, and there were some other planners we searched out on our own. I think we finally interviewed five, and the guy we selected was highly recommended by a few friends. Almost all of his clients are LockMart retirees, so he was very familiar with our pension plans and medical benefits. Over a year before I retired, he offered to review my 401k allocations and make some recommendations (which weren't very far from what I was already doing), and he began advising me gratis in the months leading up to retirement. By the time I was ready to decide, I was already quite comfortable with him and trusted him.

Other advisors I spoke with ranged from competent to downright awful (that would be Fisher; avoid!).

I think he's making enough of a difference in earnings to justify his fee, but his advice on tax strategies and long-term planning has been much better than I could do on my own. He's been doing this a long time with people who are in my situation, with similar assets, and he has a good understanding of what works and what doesn't, and how retirement moves through phases. We discuss progress regularly, and once a year he does a deep-dive monte carlo analysis on the plan for me to ensure we're on track and to see whether some tweaks are needed.

On top of all that,...
The tie breaker for me was continuity. If something happens to the spouse that’s the DIY financial expert, how does the surviving spouse pick up the pieces? A good pro will have some plan in place on how your account would be handled in case he retires or otherwise leaves, and that’s something to ask about.
:yeahthat:
This is a biggie. If I become injured or otherwise incapacitated, it's good to know that the financial stuff is still getting attention.
 
Student loans ended up being a scam too. Government assistance to student borrowers for tuition ended up being abused by secondary educational institutions. Shame on the students for not being able to do the economic analysis, but more shame on the colleges and universities for allowing the bad math to be executed for their own selfish reasons. The only reason I don’t blame politicians is because I don’t expect them to be that smart.
Adding to the problem is the amount of ridiculous degrees one can major in. Without taking this into the old spin zone by mentioning specifics, the claim “I got 200k in student loans and can’t get hired anywhere” in many cases has zero to do with the job market and/or “fairness” and everything to do with signing up for a big loan to secure a degree in a field with zero real-world relevance.
 
If somebody doesn’t look at college as a trade school and pick one of the trades like nursing, engineering, teaching, marketing, etc, one will likely not have a trade that pays real money. OTOH, one can forgo college altogether and still have a trade like electrician, plumber, etc by apprenticing or Community College.

Personally, i did both as a Co-Op student where my major was Mechanical engineering and Co-Op for 2.5 years as an Apprentice machinist.
 
If somebody doesn’t look at college as a trade school and pick one of the trades like nursing, engineering, teaching, marketing, etc, one will likely not have a trade that pays real money. OTOH, one can forgo college altogether and still have a trade like electrician, plumber, etc by apprenticing or Community College.

Personally, i did both as a Co-Op student where my major was Mechanical engineering and Co-Op for 2.5 years as an Apprentice machinist.
I keep remembering one of my co-worker’s stories. He worked construction between semesters of mechanical engineering school. One day he had a “better idea” and his boss told him, “Kid, I hired you from the neck down.”
 
Long time ago I dated a girl who had a degree in religious studies. She always complained about how much more I made as an engineer. In her mind she thought everyone with a four your degree should earn the same money. It didn’t work out lol.
 
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Long time ago I dated a girl who had a degree in religious studies. She always complained about how much more I made as an engineer. In her mind she thought everyone with a four your degree should earn the same money. It didn’t work our lol.

She should have become a televangelist.

My wife is (was) a special ed teacher. She solved the dilemma of low teacher salaries by marrying an engineer. I guess your gal couldn't think that far out of the box. :biggrin: ;)
 
Student loans ended up being a scam too. Government assistance to student borrowers for tuition ended up being abused by secondary educational institutions. Shame on the students for not being able to do the economic analysis, but more shame on the colleges and universities for allowing the bad math to be executed for their own selfish reasons.
The students rely on information and advice from people who SHOULD know what they're talking about. I think they are simply unprepared to be lied to by otherwise supposedly respectable people. At that age you're still naive enough to not figure out the people selling you a product (the colleges) are not the ones from whom you should take advice on how to pay for that product. You know, like buying a car... though a lot of people never do seem to figure that one out.

I hear a lot of people mention the law of unintended consequences regarding ACA. I'm not so sure the consequences were unintended.
Absolutely intentional, I'm certain.

My wife and I have been on an ACA plan from the date of my retirement last year. I dropped off in October when I started Medicare (and don't get me started on that, please). Naturally she couldn't continue the existing plan; we had to terminate the one we were on and start her on a new "copy" of the exact same plan, but with all new deductibles and out of pocket limits. She'll be on it until she starts Medicare next July. Her solo coverage starting in January will be double what we were paying for both of us in September. The good news is, it's only for half the year and I will no longer need to manage my MAGI to satisfy the ACA numbers.

Lesson learned: If you're going ACA in the time between retirement and Medicare, make the younger person the insured. That way when the older one starts Medicare, you just drop them from the ACA plan. Otherwise it's a complete s*** show.
 
Some of it is word of mouth, some of it is going to retirement seminars until you find someone you’re interested enough in to bring in for an interview. You’re the one hiring him (or her), so take it seriously.

Fees seem fairly standard. Unlike a broker that works on commission, most planners take a fee. 1% seems normal, but most seem pretty flexible on going lower if you have a larger account.

I thought hard about DIY vs managed. If you are confident and savvy, DIY can save you that 0.5% - 1%. But, if you think a pro can squeeze out an extra 0.5% - 1% more than you can, then it’s a wash. The tie breaker for me was continuity. If something happens to the spouse that’s the DIY financial expert, how does the surviving spouse pick up the pieces? A good pro will have some plan in place on how your account would be handled in case he retires or otherwise leaves, and that’s something to ask about.

Adding onto Matthew's comments.

1% is standard. Unfortunately many have total costs that are in the 2-3% range, and over 30 years that can be half of your account balance. And if you believe in the "4% rule" for withdrawals, you have to subtract expenses from what you withdrawal every year.
The worst of the worst then push you into their funds, which also have a high % annual fee. It isn't hard to find a few of the shadier "Name Brand" firms charging 2-3% annually, but the time all fees are considered.

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The benefit is for continuity as you said, and just as important is to keep people from being impulsive. How many times does the news tell you to buy/sell because "this time is different". If I recall in April or May everyone was going to sell their stocks to avoid the volatility, of course if they did then they also missed the runup afterwards.

A good adviser will help you stay the course, and this is what will make you more money. You aren't paying them for their fancy stock/fund selection, this doesn't exist. If it did, the fund managers would be beating the overall market after fees and they don't do this year over year anyway.

And don't discount the people that put money in an IRA, but it just sits there. Because they couldn't ever decide what to buy, so it just sits in cash making a few % if they are lucky.

RMD's, planning, there are valid reasons to use an investment guy. You can either pay the % each year or write a check for a good plan when you need it. These guys will cost you thousands, but they won't take a fee every year. Ultimately for a lot of people this will save money, but most people don't like writing the check.

The AUM/% of investments is easy, because you never see it disappear, its calculated into the daily NAV value so you don't miss it. The whole system was designed this way.
 
As my friend’s mom used to tell her daughter, “just as easy to fall in love with a rich one as a poor one!”
 
RMD's, planning, there are valid reasons to use an investment guy.
I found it really boiled down to the person or couple and where they're comfort level was or is with managing their money. In the many people I spoke with prior to retirement, I found in general, 1/3 went DIY, 1/3 went 100% 3rd party managed, and 1/3 sought outside assist when needed. I went with the latter. To me, it was the complexity of one's retirement holdings that was the primary driver. Regardless, the solution is as individual as it gets to the person and their specific situation vs a cookie cutter solution found online or in books.
 
A good adviser will help you stay the course, and this is what will make you more money. You aren't paying them for their fancy stock/fund selection, this doesn't exist. If it did, the fund managers would be beating the overall market after fees and they don't do this year over year anyway.

RMD's, planning, there are valid reasons to use an investment guy. You can either pay the % each year or write a check for a good plan when you need it. These guys will cost you thousands, but they won't take a fee every year. Ultimately for a lot of people this will save money, but most people don't like writing the check.

The AUM/% of investments is easy, because you never see it disappear, its calculated into the daily NAV value so you don't miss it. The whole system was designed this way.
We're still a ways off (7-10 yrs) from retirement, but the Assets under Management fees irk me more than an hourly or one-time payment for a plan. I moved away from using advisors that do that. I'm DIY'ing ("Bogleheader") right now, and over the past year I've taken the time to deep dive on personal finance books and podcasts to educate myself. I'd imagine that most folks here are able to DIY until closer to retirement. Getting those RMDs calculated correctly, figuring out the IRMAA, and doing ROTH conversions to max the tax bracket are a bit much, and I'll probably find a fiduciary that does a subscription or hourly fee model.

Whatever you do, using a financial advisor that's tied to one of your account custodians is probably a bad idea. And if they have ads or commercials on TV, they're paying for that somehow. :) Also if you're paying for one, they should be doing more than picking stocks. Any monkey with a computer can do that fairly easily.
 
For background, I work in the financial service industry and spent several years with our investments company before moving over to our bank.

I’ve had financial planners and I’ve done self-directed. If you have the time, education, and desire to go self-directed, you can easily do self-directed planning. If you want an advisor, you can use a fee only CFP who can give you a plan to implement, or you can use a FINRA or SEC registered advisor.

If you hire an advisor, some are flat rate, some charge based on assets under management; 1% isn’t unusual, but I’ve found trust being the hardest thing to justify the fee. What we looked for from our current advisor was someone who educated us on their recommendations not just now, but for the long run and how they helped us achieve goals while mitigating risks….the quality investment. Our current advisor brings in the CFP annually to ensure our plan still works for us and identifies other potential strategies the advisor makes and educates us on the tactical recommendations and we make the decisions.

We also had an interest in some products you can’t (or can’t easily) get over the counter in the private lending world.
I'm about a year out from retiring and finally hired a firm.

I have mostly done it myself for 30+ years. We had two advisors before (but only for about a year each) and I didn't find I got value out of them. One churned all the time, and the other had other limitations, but was very honest.

I am now with a firm and what got me to them was their approach.

1. they offer alternative investments that are less volatile for the expected return (private equity, private debt, private real estate) that we fold in along with normal low cost funds to build a, hopefully, resilient portfolio that still gets great returns.
2. for the same 1% fee (goes down to .7% when I grow to a few more bucks), they do my taxes, retirement planning, insurance reviews, retirement planning, special needs trust planning for a kid, etc.
2a. They also give me tax advice, to help me go through different scenarios like if I build another rental house, how I should structure that, etc.
3. Having them in place (if I stay happy with them), allows

Even though it's a chunk of money every year, it seems like it will be worth it. I'll certainly continue to evaluate their performance, net of their fees.

I also think about my wife if I were to pass suddenly, and having our investments and other stuff with an advisor would make the transition and management easier.

That said, yes, picking good index funds, never selling them, and just plowing a ton of money in every year from 22-> retirement is the real secret and does not require an advisor. now that I'm almost retired, I'm more interested in the perspectives of an advisor. Although paying them a minor panel upgrade worth of money a year doesn't seem fun. :)

EDIT:

We are using an advisor tied to our broker (in this case Fidelity), so the money stays with Fidelity, but is managed and wrapped by this other firm.

Also, in the interest of simplifying our lives, we're in the process of moving from 8 banking relationships to one primary and 2 secondary relationships. We're going to a local bank with private banking (this is all free) and trying to consolidate as many of our other deposit and credit accounts there to give us an easy view of where the money comes in and goes out. After we sell this last spec house, I think it will be nice to have less chaos and ins/outs of our accounts.
 
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That said, yes, picking good index funds, never selling them, and just plowing a ton of money in every year from 22-> retirement is the real secret and does not require an advisor. now that I'm almost retired, I'm more interested in the perspectives of an advisor. Although paying them a minor panel upgrade worth of money a year doesn't seem fun. :)
We did that with fidelity (not that they’re any better than anyone else just who we picked) and it worked out very well. When you get to a certain level they give you a non-fee based advisor gratis to deal with all the sorts of questions we had and they’ve been wonderful.
 
When our son died, we had a very difficult time with Fidelity. His brother and sister were beneficiaries of his retirement funds, but Fidelity would not release the money to them until a relative who is a CPA managed to reach someone who could make it happen. This took months after his death.
 
Just as the banking/auto industry with long term loans. Car companies crank up the prices knowing consumers will take on ever longer terms to get the car they want.

This is how you get $20/hr guys driving $70k pickups.
Where is this $70,000 pickup of which you speak? There have been rumors of such still existing but the travel is difficult and the lands inhabited by unruly unicorns.
 
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