[NA]7/4/25 Central TX flooding

The one item not given equal discussion time are the numbers of people who did heed the warnings and either moved or monitored the situation in real time. If one were to look at most events of this nature, there are those who take heed and those that don't. No amount of technology or warning will ever fix that. And it doesn't matter if its a flood warning, forest fire warning, hurricane warning, tornado warning, and so on.
That’s all absolutely part of the review process that feeds back into planning.

But ignoring the warnings leads to one possible set of outcomes, not getting the warnings another, and not having a plan (or the ability to execute it) is yet another. This event is going to fall into these and more.
 
That’s all absolutely part of the review process that feeds back into planning.
True. But if the consensus is this event will change things, then history would be against you. Same with other events like Katrina mentioned above and other scenarios like accident causes, etc. especially when catastrophic events cross generational periods. Sometimes you just can't protect people from themselves no matter how much you try. Unfortunately, the examples are endless and this event is no different.
 
As aviators, we get to look at a lot of the semi-raw data and make our own decisions. That is a good thing. There are some very good channels and resources on the internet these days, including a lot of independent weather forecasters that I often watch on YouTube.

For the aerial photography business, we rely heavily on a combination of the official forecasts, but have to use our experience and intuition to try and see if we can accurately launch missions with ideal shooting conditions.

Personally, I think I've noticed that since the consolidation of weather reporting stations, while some general forecasts have gotten better, a lot of local forecasts have gotten LESS reliable due to a lack of local knowledge. When I lived in the San Antonio area and worked at 5C1, I "knew" that most of the time, if we had low overcast in the morning, and the official weather reports called for it to be clear at 9, we could count on it staying low in the Hill Country until closer to 11am. Without local knowledge, their best guess is for a broad area, and it may be specifically wrong.

In Dallas, for instance, I think that the computer models repeatedly fail to account for humidity and moisture in their forecasts. They'll call for thunderstorms, and clear skies the next morning, and most of the time they are wrong and we have low clouds in the morning if it did actually rain.

At the end of the day, most people aren't going to watch the weather with the kind of interest that a lot of us do as pilots, and preventing all deaths is a fool's errand, though we can and should try within reasonable limitations.
 
True. But if the consensus is this event will change things, then history would be against you. Same with other events like Katrina mentioned above and other scenarios like accident causes, etc. especially when catastrophic events cross generational periods. Sometimes you just can't protect people from themselves no matter how much you try. Unfortunately, the examples are endless and this event is no different.
This is conflating a lot of things. What I think won’t affect the resolution, anyway, because there are a lot more people resigned to “stuff happens” that affect the policy-making process. But “protect(ing) people from themselves” is not really what we’re talking about here - the conversation got steered to and fixated on that, which is only a subset of the bigger picture.

Was everybody affected by this incident given the best information available in a timely manner (even as a progression as new info came in) and were able to act on that (or decide not to)? That’s the question. I absolutely believe there are many layers of failure here, only some of which is willful ignorance.
 
Depends on where you are. When I was much younger, I was driving myself cross-country to college in the east, and stopped for the night at some flea bag motel in a small town in tornado alley. Middle of the night, I was jolted awake by a deafening shrieking sound that could have woken the dead, or at least an overtired college student. I staggered outside to see a huge siren on a short tower just about directly over my room. With no obvious better place to go, I could only return to my room to wait it out.
I'm not saying a tornado siren can't wake you up, I'm saying they aren't designed to be useful indoors and definitely shouldn't be relied on to do so. Almost all of the modern tornado sirens in OK can be used as PA systems and include flash flood siren tones as well.
 
Was everybody affected by this incident given the best information available in a timely manner (even as a progression as new info came in) and were able to act on that (or decide not to)? That’s the question.
In general, I believe the answer is yes. The number of people who did respond to that info shows that. But for context, the question really is have you ever lived in an area that was historically prone to catastrophic natural events?
 
In general, I believe the answer is yes. The number of people who did respond to that info shows that. But for context, the question really is have you ever lived in an area that was historically prone to catastrophic natural events?

So why did so many kids at the camp die? Could the loss of their lives have been prevented in any way?

Why does where I have lived matter? Do we need to get into work history as well to establish who has more experience and bonafides with this? The answer is a resounding yes, but speak to the topic, not the person. The question really isn’t that.
 
…Was everybody affected by this incident given the best information available in a timely manner (even as a progression as new info came in) and were able to act on that (or decide not to)? That’s the question. I absolutely believe there are many layers of failure here, only some of which is willful ignorance.

I can’t speak for everybody, but personally? Yes. For perspective, I live in far northwest Bexar County. Kerrville, Comfort, Waring-Welfare, Sisterdale, Bergheim are all up river from me; Guadalupe River State Park is down river. We’re on high ground, but we’ve also been close to cutoff from the rest of the world. I can drive to the Hunt Store in less than an hour. I hunt, hike, ride, overfly, and kayak that part of the world regularly.

Went to bed Thursday night after four or five straight days of potential for heavy rain flood potential overnight or the next day, only for the target to slide right. On Monday, I was planning to fly up to ERV for some practice approaches on Wednesday. Ny Wednesday, I shifted that plan to Friday. Late Thursday afternoon, I canned the idea entirely because we had movie tickets for a 3p show. We got some nice tropical rain at our place starting around 6p that went on and off until about 10p and we expected more rain overnight, up to about 2” total.

Woke up to more than double that and was watching the already underwater Louise Hays park being replayed about sunrise. Got to see several fully immersed vehicles with their lights still on rush by. Kind of surreal seeing submerged brake lights operating. Nobody in the news were even discussing the camps yet.

We grabbed some coffee and checked our nearby low water crossing where the river hadn’t started rising yet, so we went around to the bridge at Bergheim when it started raining again. About 16 hours later, the Guadalupe crested at 41’ at Bergheim.

By lunch on the 4th, I had talked with a a Kendall County deputy who let us know the river was beginning to swell at Waring-Welfare and they expected to close that bridge and close the others as the flood moved downriver.

Here’s the low water crossing I mentioned earlier on the morning of July 5th, a little more than 24 hours after seeing it fairly normal.

7ea99d5872628628aada809a792d660f.jpg


I was ankle deep in silt. The bank (red lines) is under 20’ of water. The river’s normally 35 or so feet wide at this spot and you can kayak under the bridge there easily. There’s a little park on left where that second set of trees are at where you can enter/exit the river. Those trees are 40 feet tall and half or more underwater. The river in this pic is close to 1/4mi wide. Behind me, the silt stretch up the hill another 15 or 20 yards. The yellow line shows the general direct the road takes down to the low water crossing and up the other side.

We didn’t get an update on friends and coworkers over there until sometime Saturday afternoon.

I’ve lived the majority of my 51 years within two hours of the hill country, including time away during my military career. This is far and above the worst I’ve seen it, though not the first tragedy. As I mentioned upthread, it wasn’t two weeks earlier that 13 people (in vehicles) were killed in a flash flood in San Antonio. The next day, a little further north in Marble Falls they lost their Fire Chief to flooding from the same system that was finally moving out of here. Separately, about three hours northwest of here in San Angelo, they got a record 14” of rainfall with one death and the loss of several fire trucks. Speaking of the fire depts, the Center Point VFD had been doing swift water rescues since 3a on July 4th. They lost everything except the trucks and equipment performing rescues before the sun came up on the 4th. Yeah, we count ourselves lucky.

But given what I knew before going to bed on July 3d (including having read the forecast discussions), I would not have changed a thing. The flash flood warnings for Bandera and Kerr county were sent out at 1am on the fourth and we didn’t get them since we weren’t in the forecasted alert area.
 
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So why did so many kids at the camp die? Could the loss of their lives have been prevented in any way?
Sure. For example, had the Mystic co-owner, who perished in this event, followed his decades old concerns about the catastrophic flood potential of the camp, he would have evacuated the camp as he did his pregnant wife many years previously. What caught him, and others, off guard was an actual 100 year event which most living would not have remembered. Mother nature is not linear.

Why does where I have lived matter?
What I’ve learned and experienced on this topic is that people who have never lived in those types of “danger” areas will never understand why people still live and spend time in those areas. For example, in this same area, there have been 30+ major flood events with the river at 20+ feet and several events at 30+ feet over the past 50 years. Yet people still flock to the area irrespective of the danger.
 
I can’t speak for everybody, but personally? Yes. For perspective, I live in far northwest Bexar County. Kerrville, Comfort, Waring-Welfare, Sisterdale, Bergheim are all up river from me; Guadalupe River State Park is down river. We’re on high ground, but we’ve also been close to cutoff from the rest of the world. I can drive to the Hunt Store in less than an hour. I hunt, hike, ride, overfly, and kayak that part of the world regularly.

By lunch on the 4th, I had talked with a a Kendall County deputy who let us know the river was beginning to swell at Waring-Welfare and they expected to close that bridge and close the others as the flood moved downriver.

I’ve lived the majority of my 51 years within two hours of the hill country, including time away during my military career. This is far and above the worst I’ve seen it, though not the first tragedy. As I mentioned upthread, it wasn’t two weeks earlier that 13 people (in vehicles) were killed in a flash flood in San Antonio. The next day, a little further north in Marble Falls they lost their Fire Chief to flooding from the same system that was finally moving out of here. Separately, about three hours northwest of here in San Angelo, they got a record 14” of rainfall with one death and the loss of several fire trucks. Speaking of the fire depts, the Center Point VFD had been doing swift water rescues since 3a on July 4th. They lost everything except the trucks and equipment performing rescues before the sun came up on the 4th. Yeah, we count ourselves lucky.
I spent many times in that Waring area as we used to go to a church there.
Lived in that area for 30 years and still go down to Burnet / Marble Falls as often as I can. Been through the floods in San Antonio like the one in '98 when I was out in it with my mom. The politicization of it isn't really helpful. People don't live in Texas for a lack of danger, and most of them wouldn't take too kindly to the government telling them what to do, either. Personal responsibility comes with the territory, but as others have said, the poor girls in the camp surely didn't realize the danger they were in, but to accuse the camp people of deliberately putting them in danger is also over the top.
We're pilots. We know that taking calculated risks is part of life. As much as there is risk involved, there is still magic in being able to take your kid to a destination an hour away, like I did this afternoon.
 
Sure. For example, had the Mystic co-owner, who perished in this event, followed his decades old concerns about the catastrophic flood potential of the camp, he would have evacuated the camp as he did his pregnant wife many years previously. What caught him, and others, off guard was an actual 100 year event which most living would not have remembered. Mother nature is not linear.


What I’ve learned and experienced on this topic is that people who have never lived in those types of “danger” areas will never understand why people still live and spend time in those areas. For example, in this same area, there have been 30+ major flood events with the river at 20+ feet and several events at 30+ feet over the past 50 years. Yet people still flock to the area irrespective of the danger.
It still doesn’t answer the question why, and I’ve got at least four more “whys” after the first layer. It’s not good enough to just say “stuff happens.” But it’s very presumptive to think that risk can’t be assessed and properly mitigated. In fact, sometimes it takes fresh eyes to look at a situation and see what others don’t.

Bottom line - was there any chance of getting those campers out? If the answer is yes, and you know it is with a proper plan in place, then here come more “whys.”
 
to accuse the camp people of deliberately putting them in danger is also over the top.
Who did that? I certainly don’t think it was deliberate. Was it lacking a well-engineered plan at many levels? More than likely, but we don’t know that yet, and I’m sure more will come out in the AAR unless people just write it off as stuff happens. But deliberate? No. That’s a big jump that misses a lot of nuance.

We're pilots. We know that taking calculated risks is part of life. As much as there is risk involved, there is still magic in being able to take your kid to a destination an hour away, like I did this afternoon.
You hit it here - risk is calculated, and at the organizational planning level there’s usually a matrix involving magnitude and frequency of risk. When you start dealing with large groups of people that cannot self-mobilize, dealing with the dead of night, you have to be pretty imaginative and thorough. Recreational risk - decisions made by adults that affect only themselves is one thing, but when it involves dependents who are more or less along for the ride, it’s another entirely.

Either way, folks are taking this real personally - the need to ask questions in the interest of future mitigation is not about you or your area other than how it’s prone to this type of disaster. I’m sorry that it hit so close to home, but personal anecdotes and attachments aside, there are a lot of questions left unanswered.
 
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People have difficulty analysing safety and risk, and have difficulty with the concept of acceptable level of risk. We accept risk every time we get in a car and drive somewhere. There is the risk of being in an accident resulting in a fire, but almost none of us are wear fire resistant suits or high quality crash helmets. We could make cars much better at protecting the occupants in a crash. Why don't we?
 
There's a Washington Post article this morning which lays out the various warnings that were sent on the 4th. Looks like they didn't push the "full gonzo" button and activate every cell phone in the area with an urgent warning. They (the local authorities) did push out several warnings through other measures, but did not employ their most powerful warning tool. Reading between the lines, it may have been that only only one local official had the access rights to trigger that system and for whatever reason, he did not.
 
What precisely do you think seatbelts, front airbags, side and curtain airbags, crumple zones etc are?
Not enough, until we can reduce car accident deaths to zero. Even 1 death is too many to conside cars safe.
 
Not enough, until we can reduce car accident deaths to zero. Even 1 death is too many to conside cars safe.
Sarcasm aside, do you think there’s a chance this event could have been handled better at some level? If so, is it worth trying to make improvements?
 
Sarcasm aside, do you think there’s a chance this event could have been handled better at some level? If so, is it worth trying to make improvements?
When did we KNOW this event was going to dump all the rain it did? Not think, know. After it was already underway? How far into it before it was realized? Past the point of no return?

If we knew without a doubt 24 to 48 hours ahead of time then yea it could be handled different. If we were off on timeline, location, and rainfall amounts, what do we do issue another warning for 25,000 square miles every time the probability is what percent, and we just go back to "oh here we go again" and it gets ignored.

What are the improvements? What would everyone who is saying this was botched done differently without the benefit of hindsight? Very easy to Monday morning quarterback.
 
There's a Washington Post article this morning which lays out the various warnings that were sent on the 4th. Looks like they didn't push the "full gonzo" button and activate every cell phone in the area with an urgent warning. They (the local authorities) did push out several warnings through other measures, but did not employ their most powerful warning tool. Reading between the lines, it may have been that only only one local official had the access rights to trigger that system and for whatever reason, he did not.

I don’t believe that to be entirely accurate, but I’m not sure which system you’re actually referring to. IPAWS is reported to have been activated by NWS multiple times beginning as early as 1am.

https://www.texastribune.org/2025/07/11/kerr-county-flood-warning-system-sirens/ Sirens not the whole solution for flood warning, experts say | The Texas Tribune

https://www.fema.gov/emergency-mana...ublic-alert-warning-system/public/myths-facts IPAWS Myths vs. Facts | FEMA.gov

CodeRED, is an opt in service, which may be what you’re referring to and uses different protocols and delivery methods than IPAWS. The reported first request to activate CodeRED was after 4am. It is unclear who was registered to receive the a notification from that system, but it’s been reported some had received alerts as early as 6am.

https://www.ksat.com/news/local/202...alert-at-least-90-minutes-before-it-was-sent/ Source: First responders requested emergency alert at least 90 minutes before it was sent

https://codered.crisis24.com/ CodeRED Emergency Notification for Public Safety | CodeRED

Depending where you were on the river, by 2am, some report having received an alert of some type and begun self-rescues.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/texas-flooding-unfolded-deadly-kerrville-camp-mystic-rcna217712 How the deadly Texas floods unfolded, devastating Kerrville and Camp Mystic

If what’s reported in that last article is accurate, the decision to evacuate the lowest ground last is damning. That’s the human behavior component I’ve referred to that’s not controllable when it comes to mitigation and preparation.

If you want a first-hand account (I acknowledge eyewitness reports can be inaccurate) from a family who had built on stilts higher than the 1987 floods, here’s their sad account their experience. There’s before and after photos of the structure to provide some perspective.

https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/texas-flood-firsthand-account/ My Family and the Flood: A Firsthand Account

Wrapping this all up, there’s always room for improvement and Murphy always gets a vote.
 
It still doesn’t answer the question why, and I’ve got at least four more “whys” after the first layer. It’s not good enough to just say “stuff happens.”
Except the questions you should be looking for, are the answers why did other people and entities in the same area evacuate or monitor the situation in real time? So some actually properly mitigated the risk. No? Why the difference?

The interesting part is where risks have been assessed and mitigation developed, why do the authorities and insurance companies still permit those risks to be tolerated just as with the history of “flash flood alley?” And if you would delve into the world of risk management you’ll find while risks can be identified they can’t always be completely mitigated for a number of reasons but mostly human related.
 
What precisely do you think seatbelts, front airbags, side and curtain airbags, crumple zones etc are?

I think they are improvements. duh

you think cars are as safe as possible?
 
Except the questions you should be looking for, are the answers why did other people and entities in the same area evacuate or monitor the situation in real time? So some actually properly mitigated the risk. No? Why the difference?
Those are absolutely some of the questions that should be asked. But there are definitely other questions. I’m not sure what you’re attributing to my motives to treat that as an exclusive thought.

And if you would delve into the world of risk management you’ll find while risks can be identified they can’t always be completely mitigated for a number of reasons but mostly human related

Lots of assumptions in that sentence. Bottom line, do you think this could have been further mitigated?

When did we KNOW this event was going to dump all the rain it did? Not think, know. After it was already underway? How far into it before it was realized? Past the point of no return?

Exactly, that’s part of the focus. There’s a lot of “whys” and that’s where it starts. I’m well aware of the difficulty in forecasting a thunderstorm that drops that much precip in a small area. But going from the “know” to “no return,” albeit a really short time,
is a big part of the miss.

If we knew without a doubt 24 to 48 hours ahead of time then yea it could be handled different. If we were off on timeline, location, and rainfall amounts, what do we do issue another warning for 25,000 square miles every time the probability is what percent, and we just go back to "oh here we go again" and it gets ignored.
What efforts can be in place when such a warning (or even a watch) is given? Seems like things should be stepped up into a higher phase of readiness and preparedness, doesn’t it?

What are the improvements? What would everyone who is saying this was botched done differently without the benefit of hindsight? Very easy to Monday morning quarterback.
Reviewing the events to make changes going forward is part of the recovery phase of disaster planning. That’s literally what this is about.

If what’s reported in that last article is accurate, the decision to evacuate the lowest ground last is damning. That’s the human behavior component I’ve referred to that’s not controllable when it comes to mitigation and preparation.

I wouldn’t be ready to give up on that. Controlling specific human behavior in the moment is one thing, but mitigation is not in the moment - it’s done ahead of time to minimize the risks. And yes, it can be resource-intensive, even prohibitive. But at some point someone in any organization in the chain might have to say “this operation is too risky to continue without a plan.” And if that doesn’t happen and the risk is realized, it as often as not gets dragged into a courtroom where the FO phase begins. (Edit: that is to say the other part of the FO phase, the first part being injuries, property damage, and tragic loss of life).

Wrapping this all up, there’s always room for improvement and Murphy always gets a vote.
Agree with that.
 
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I think they are improvements. duh

you think cars are as safe as possible?
Absolutely not. You’re the one saying we aren’t making improvements. I’m saying we have and continue to do so. I’m not the one in this thread throwing up my hands and saying “we’ve reached the limit of technology or our ability to reduce risk”. Far from it.
 
Not enough, until we can reduce car accident deaths to zero. Even 1 death is too many to conside cars safe.
I agree! But I’m not the one who made it sound like we aren’t making improvements.

Speaking of improvements, how about we work to reduce pedestrian fatalities while we work to improve driver and passenger safety. These massive trucks with enormous grills are a death sentence to other road users
 
Absolutely not. You’re the one saying we aren’t making improvements.

I didn't say that. I said "We could make cars much better at protecting the occupants in a crash."
 
I agree! But I’m not the one who made it sound like we aren’t making improvements.

Speaking of improvements, how about we work to reduce pedestrian fatalities while we work to improve driver and passenger safety. These massive trucks with enormous grills are a death sentence to other road users
Ah yes, blame the tool, not the user. How are trucks more dangerous when operated correctly? I have a better view of my surroundings in a truck than I do a car, and a truck is more visible to others than a car. If you're behind a truck and can't see past it, you're probably too close. So how are these dangerous to others when operated properly?
 
Ah yes, blame the tool, not the user. How are trucks more dangerous when operated correctly? I have a better view of my surroundings in a truck than I do a car, and a truck is more visible to others than a car. If you're behind a truck and can't see past it, you're probably too close. So how are these dangerous to others when operated properly?

Because “HOW DARE YOU” DERRRRRRP
 
Remember the kids trapped in a cave during an afternoon hike a few years ago? Unexpected things can happen in a short amount of time when dealing with Mother Nature.

I pray, that the pain of suffering the loss of loved ones, by the families involved, will pass. Having raised 3 children to adult hood, a tragedy such as this was one of my greatest fears when they were young.
 
Tapatalk problem, duplicate post deleted.
There are five more ;)
Remember the kids trapped in a cave during an afternoon hike a few years ago? Unexpected things can happen in a short amount of time when dealing with Mother Nature.
Very, very true. But it’s important to distinguish between an activity like hiking into caves, which carries a higher level of risk encumbered by the person making the choice to do so, and another, like sleeping in a building under the supervision of others.
 
Bottom line, do you think this could have been further mitigated?
Sure. Any time more than 1 inch of rain is forecast within the Guadalupe River management system, a mandatory evacuation is required to an elevation based on a rolling 150-year estimate. Short of that, no.
 
Speaking of improvements, how about we work to reduce pedestrian fatalities while we work to improve driver and passenger safety . . .
IIRC, London has built curbside barricades in some places to keep pedestrians, with their eyes glued to a screen, from being run over by cars operating correctly in the driving lanes.
 
IIRC, London has built curbside barricades in some places to keep pedestrians, with their eyes glued to a screen, from being run over by cars operating correctly in the driving lanes.
infrastructure to separate road users and pedestrians is good, but car design can do a lot to protect pedestrians when they inevitably mix (a lot of drivers are glued to their screens as well). Our addiction to unnecessarily large vehicles and the fact that people seem to love these massive grills has done nothing to help.
 
Sure. Any time more than 1 inch of rain is forecast within the Guadalupe River management system, a mandatory evacuation is required to an elevation based on a rolling 150-year estimate. Short of that, no.
I’m not sure you intended it this way, but this is not being taken as a serious reply.
 
infrastructure to separate road users and pedestrians is good, but car design can do a lot to protect pedestrians when they inevitably mix (a lot of drivers are glued to their screens as well). Our addiction to unnecessarily large vehicles and the fact that people seem to love these massive grills has done nothing to help.
You haven't explained how, when driven properly, a large grill makes a difference. Or how a pedestrian has a harder time seeing a truck than, say, a smart car, or better yet a motorcycle. Or is really an operator/awareness issue and not the actual vehicle type? Also, how am I supposed to haul a thousand plus pounds of stuff that won't actually fit in a car, like I do most weeks, in a car? Or do you know of a way I can fit a 55 gallon drum into a car, and then get it out.
 
Living in central TX and watching how this played out, we were getting forecasts of around 10% rain and risk of flash floods pretty consistently. That has come to translate for us over the years as spotty rain, maybe heavier than forecast, but flooding isn’t likely although possible. It’s very natural to get “alert fatigue”.

This is basically like playing Russian Roulette with a 100- (1000-?) chamber revolver. The gun clicks so many times you just shrug it off whenever you’re warned the trigger is about to be pulled with an unknowable outcome but very low probability of it being bad - and identical setups for all the pulls. But sometimes it’s bad. And that’s more about the nature of the game than the ability of the people predicting trigger pulls.

How many areas have tornado sirens that get ignored because of “alert fatigue”? We’re still not at a point where we can predict precisely when and where a tornado will hit with much accuracy and far in advance.

And I’m just as guilty as anyone of getting “alert fatigue”: I distinctly remember hunkering down in our tent at OSH listening to the tornado sirens march closer and not doing the sensible thing of heading to the shower building. Lucky for us it was just a click of the gun that day.

Bottom line, whatever the fix, it’ll need to be sensitive and specific enough to get past alert fatigue. Tough to do.
 
Bottom line, whatever the fix, it’ll need to be sensitive and specific enough to get past alert fatigue. Tough to do.
Absolutely. That aspect can be further mitigated, but it’ll be hard.

But well before we get to the alarm phase, the premise of where to build structures that house people who are dependent needs to be re-evaluated. There’s also a lot of middle ground involving action plans that follow standards and best practices. The “nothing could have been done” only applies in a case where you have already moved the available time to zero because all the other checks that buy you time to act have been eschewed. I refuse to let that be a guiding principle.
 
But well before we get to the alarm phase, the premise of where to build structures that house people who are dependent needs to be re-evaluated.
Yep. Probably rules out the beach (Tsunamis, hurricanes, etc), anywhere between Texas, Minnesota, and South Carolina due to the tornado risk. Also, better ditch the West Coast - fires, earthquakes, mudslides. And obviously, rivers. Can't be close to those. Eventually, they all flood. I think we're all down to living in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Except for the damned Bears. They ruin pretty much everything.

Wait. After marking up the danger map, it turns out everywhere is dangerous so you'd better be paying attention, regardless...
 
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Yep. Probably rules out the beach (Tsunamis, hurricanes, etc, anywhere between Texas, Minnesota, and South Carolina due to the tornado risk. Also, better ditch the West Coast - fires, earthquakes, mudslides. And obviously, rivers. Can't be close to those. Eventually, they all flood. I think we're all down to living in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Except for the damned Bears. They ruin pretty much everything.

Wait. After marking up the danger map, it turns out everywhere is dangerous so you'd better be paying attention, regardless...
lol, another non-serious reply. Mitigation is about defense in depth, assessing risk and acting appropriately to close the holes in the Swiss cheese. If you’re going to build on a flood plain in known flash-flood country, there’d better be a robust system in place.

Speaking of tsunamis, wildfires, etc… though those responses could be improved, you pretty much proved my point.

The “we can’t do anything else” crowd is unusually strong up in here. Hopefully those folks don’t work in safety-management related fields.
 
I’m not sure you intended it this way, but this is not being taken as a serious reply.
Except that is the reply you requested below. Right? Risk mitigation follows 4 principal paths: avoidance, reduction, transference, and acceptance. I gave you the avoidance path which usually has the greatest return. The fact you don't take it seriously I think points to why some people acted on the flood warnings and some people did not in the first place. So, specifically how do you think this could have been further mitigated?

Bottom line, do you think this could have been further mitigated?
 
Except that is the reply you requested below. Right? Risk mitigation follows 4 principal paths: avoidance, reduction, transference, and acceptance. I gave you the avoidance path which usually has the greatest return. The fact you don't take it seriously I think points to why some people acted on the flood warnings and some people did not in the first place. So, specifically how do you think this could have been further mitigated?
I need more data, to begin with. We all do. We don’t know how many plans were in place and attempted to be enacted - that’s part of a well-needed AAR.

But, for starters, don’t build lodging for dependent people in high-risk, high frequency flood plains.

Increase weather observation, modeling, and forecasting capability (admittedly this is very resource intensive for the return).

Have an action plan for various stages of weather alerts. This requires creativity and insight into the potential risks and available actions.

Have somebody monitoring those alerts at all times, or at least a way to awaken key people when they’re broadcast.

Ensure the alerts are broadcast via multiple methods.

When the alerts reach a certain stage, have an action plan for readiness, then evacuation to a safe place, if necessary.

This wasn’t a volcano or earthquake where no seismic activity previously existed. This wasn’t a meteor impact. This was a flash flood in a well-known, flood prone area that followed hours of escalating advisories. There is absolutely more that could have been done.
 
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