IFR and 430W workflows

UngaWunga

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UngaWunga
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I have all my 430W reference manuals, and have been going through them for my IFR training. But I'm still finding my knowledge lacking in actually IFR approach workflows, going missed, holding patterns, etc. Are there any good docs/videos out there on best practices?
Thanks
 
No I have an instructor, but I also like to be prepared and not waste time under the hood trying to sort out which buttons to push. Will help reduce my workload a bit, making it easier to do other things.
 
Yeah, there are some gotchas with the 430 series. You know Garmin has a 430 simulator that works on Windows right?
 
No I have an instructor, but I also like to be prepared and not waste time under the hood trying to sort out which buttons to push. Will help reduce my workload a bit, making it easier to do other things.

The 430 simulator and the AFMS supplement or pilot’s guide - I can’t remember which - has some exercises to work thru.

The best thing you can do is understand the menu structure and what the big and little knobs are meant to do.
 
One of my best practices is to say to myself both the approach I want AND the transition BEFORE I push the "PROC" button. Makes setting up the approach much quicker.
 
There are several gotchas with approach procedures in the 430W. If you have a PC running Windows XP through Win10, you can download the 400W/500W series simulator and chair fly some approaches till you feel comfy. But the bottom line is you're not gonna get proficient in your airplane till you go do it.

Another resource is the "Pilot Friendly Manual" from Pilotworkshop.com
 
With the 430w I was in the habit of always loading the full approach, never activating the approach, when cleared selecting the waypoint or leg and selecting direct to the waypoint or activating the leg. It lacks automatic change from gps to vor for the CDI so you have to remember to do that manually.
 
Yes, pay attention as FORANE sez, to "vor" vs "GPS".
Understand that you have to be w/i ~5 nm fro the IAF < 90 degrees course change to intercept, for it to capture the approach.

Get intimately familiar with the flgiht plan page. that's how you "skip a fix", or if you muffed the "do you want to hold?" screen, you can jump it, too (or when ATO vectors you to the FAF rather than the IAF.

No, "reloading the whole apporach" while on approach.....
 
With the 430w I was in the habit of always loading the full approach, never activating the approach, when cleared selecting the waypoint or leg and selecting direct to the waypoint or activating the leg. It lacks automatic change from gps to vor for the CDI so you have to remember to do that manually.
Good idea in general for any navigator - load the approach including the IAF. When cleared to the IAF, activate the approach, and it will sequence. If vectored, activate VTF. Works every time.

Newer navigators are so easy to use you can just load and activate trivially when cleared to an IAF, but on the 430, clearly designed by SW people not pilots, better to do it ahead of time. YMMV.
 
It will make more sense once you fly a few approaches. The Windows simulator is so outdated that it doesn't have a lot of the typical modern GPS approaches with the HILPTs that are more common now. It's OK for some basic buttonology, though. I highly recommend flying some IFR approaches solo while VFR in good weather so you can learn the approach buttonology and various "gotchas". You can also make a little cheat sheet with common tasks with the GNS-430W until these become second nature. (Is it Direct-Direct-Enter, or Direct-Enter-Enter?) Learn how to activate a leg, delete a leg, add a waypoint, etc. If I haven't been flying IFR for awhile, I have to refresh my memory from the cheat sheet. Then there is making sure your autopilot is in the correct tracking mode. Is it tracking the GPS leg or the heading bug? Been there, done that.

Two of my big IFR GPS gotchas:

1. Vectors-to-Final. I NEVER activate this unless ATC swears on a stack of Bibles they are actually going to vector me to final. Even then I won't do it, because ATC may change their mind. Keep your waypoints loaded and activate the proper leg when you inevitably get cleared to one of the IAFs.
2. HILPTs. The GNS-430W will not always automatically sequence you correctly on a NoPT approach when there is a HILPT. At my home airport, it happily wants to send me around the HILPT when it is not required. You have to activate the proper leg or delete the hold before reaching the fix when approaching from a NoPT direction. I discovered this while doing a practice VFR approach when our airport got our first HILPT when the GPS approaches were revamped. It was good to clear this up on a sunny day and not when in IMC returning from a long trip.

As always, pay attention to which CDI information you are receiving. You will forget to hit the VLOC button more than once when flying practice ILS approaches.
 
HILPTs. The GNS-430W will not always automatically sequence you correctly on a NoPT approach when there is a HILPT. At my home airport, it happily wants to send me around the HILPT when it is not required. You have to activate the proper leg or delete the hold before reaching the fix when approaching from a NoPT direction. I discovered this while doing a practice VFR approach when our airport got our first HILPT when the GPS approaches were revamped. It was good to clear this up on a sunny day and not when in IMC returning from a long trip
There’s a weird logic to it.It does one of three things. Assume a basic “hold south.”
If inbound from the north, it will automatically add the HILPT.
If inbound from the south, it will ask if you want the hold, even if it’s a NoPT TAA area.
If inbound on a NoPT published course line, it will not load the hold.

I use at least one of the three when doing recurrent training and IPCs. The need to bypass the hold in some way is one. The need to add the hold if it’s not loaded is another.
 
There’s a weird logic to it.It does one of three things. Assume a basic “hold south.”
If inbound from the north, it will automatically add the HILPT.
If inbound from the south, it will ask if you want the hold, even if it’s a NoPT TAA area.
If inbound on a NoPT published course line, it will not load the hold.

I use at least one of the three when doing recurrent training and IPCs. The need to bypass the hold in some way is one. The need to add the hold if it’s not loaded is another.
You will discover this is not universal. At my airport, the HILPT stays in place no matter what direction you come from. And it doesn't ask if I want the hold. First time it happened to me when they updated our approaches I was scratching my head. Then my CFII was scratching his head during an IPC with me. I have seen what you describe on approaches to other airports.
 
You will discover this is not universal. At my airport, the HILPT stays in place no matter what direction you come from. And it doesn't ask if I want the hold. First time it happened to me when they updated our approaches I was scratching my head. Then my CFII was scratching his head during an IPC with me. I have seen what you describe on approaches to other airports.
Interesting. If it's the two approaches into VGC, I'm seeing what I expect in the trainer. (October 2024 database)

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No I have an instructor, but I also like to be prepared and not waste time under the hood trying to sort out which buttons to push. Will help reduce my workload a bit, making it easier to do other things.
Maybe. Maybe not. Since avionics transitions are something of a specialty for me I've seen people for whom this stuff is fairly "intuitive" and can self-teach with a few tips (I typically assign videos) and those who get confused because there are 3 different techniques to accomplish the same task. Unless you are one of the former, the guidance of a CFI at the beginning will avoid getting into bad habits that will make training take longer.
There is a long series, "Reintroduction to the GNS 430/530" by Mike Jesch and Brian Schiff on YouTube.
Mike's series is excellent.
 
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Get the GNS simulator for your I pad PC. Practice and train. The more you do, the more you'll have command of the box, of the system. Chair fly the approaches over and over and you'll find/learn the best workflow. IFR is busy enough. Being very well trained on how to move around the system and what buttons to push will relieve your workload to do the flying.

It's not just learning the best way to do it. That's necessary but not sufficient. You need to do it over and over again. When things get stressed, don't rely on rising to your potential but rather fall to your level of training.
 
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My GNS430W doesn't do this. Flown these approaches dozens and dozens of times from various directions.
Strange. I wonder… Garmin or Jepp database? I can’t think of why there would be a difference, but there might be. I know the Avidyne inserts it without asking, so maybe a database thing?
 
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Strange. I wonder… Garmin or Jepp database? I can’t think of why there would be a difference, but there might be. I know the Avidyne inserts it without asking, so maybe a database thing?
Garmin database. I know the 430 data cards are pretty small. They have on occasion limited which approaches are loaded i to the database. When our approaches were first deployed, Garmin did not include them in the first couple of cycles.
 
Anyone know how to load an approach for a different airport while in the missed approach hold pattern for the first airport?
If I hit the Proc button, switched the airport to the alternate airport, selected the approach, the 430 only would let us activate the approach not just load it. If I went into the flightplan, selected the alternate - direct to - select approach, I'd lose the hold pattern we were flying.
 
Anyone know how to load an approach for a different airport while in the missed approach hold pattern for the first airport?
If I hit the Proc button, switched the airport to the alternate airport, selected the approach, the 430 only would let us activate the approach not just load it. If I went into the flightplan, selected the alternate - direct to - select approach, I'd lose the hold pattern we were flying.
Yeah, this is one of the Achilles heels on the 430 series. You can't load an approach unless it's the last airport in your flight plan. My home airport has a MDA close to 1800 AGL due to mountains in the traffic pattern. I would frequently do approaches there knowing a missed was likely. I wanted to program the alternate and it's approach also but no dice. I had to do it during the busy missed in mountains.
 
Anyone know how to load an approach for a different airport while in the missed approach hold pattern for the first airport?
If I hit the Proc button, switched the airport to the alternate airport, selected the approach, the 430 only would let us activate the approach not just load it. If I went into the flightplan, selected the alternate - direct to - select approach, I'd lose the hold pattern we were flying.
Real world, you’d most likely have time to add the new destination airport or a fix at the end of the flight plan, get going to it, and have enough time to clean things up and add the rest on the way. Or, ask ATC for delay vectors while you set things up.

A third alternative is to go to the catalog, create a catalog flight plan to the new destination, including the approach, and activate the flight plan when ready to use it. When you do this, you do not use the PROC key to add the approach. The PROC key is dedicated to the active flight plan. You tap the MENU key.

I’ve used the catalog method for multiple approach practice sessions, having 2 or 3 approaches loaded in the catalog before leaving the ground.
 
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…create a catalog flight plan to the new destination, ….
…I’ve used the catalog method for multiple approach practice sessions, having 2 or 3 approaches loaded in the catalog before leaving the ground.
I’ve started doing this with the GTN lately. My ‘normal’ approach currency flight is to fly to airport A, go missed to hold then load the next approach for my alternate while in the hold.

Works good for a two approach flight, but three approach days or just to even have a backup that catalog is becoming more and more a tool in the tool chest.
 
I’ve started doing this with the GTN lately. My ‘normal’ approach currency flight is to fly to airport A, go missed to hold then load the next approach for my alternate while in the hold.

Works good for a two approach flight, but three approach days or just to even have a backup that catalog is becoming more and more a tool in the tool chest.
I’m going to try that on the sim.
 
So remember you can add a second procedure only when you’re suspended on the missed approach. You can only load it, not activate it.
Thx. This is something I didn’t even know was a thing. Never saw it during training and just never discovered it in-flight. I’ll work on learning that, maybe later today.

Edit: clarification - I was referring to “cataloging” approaches, not just loading the next one.
 
Works good for a two approach flight, but three approach days or just to even have a backup that catalog is becoming more and more a tool in the tool chest.
Where it really comes into its own is when you think your destination will be below your minimums. Once you decide on the real alternate you will use, you can set it up while workload is low.

People use the catalog for commonly flown trips but it can be useful for more than that.
 
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Thx. This is something I didn’t even know was a thing. Never saw it during training and just never discovered it in-flight. I’ll work on learning that, maybe later today.

Edit: clarification - I was referring to “cataloging” approaches, not just loading the next one.
Matthew, small clarification. GNS or GTN? Cataloging works for both, but @TCAMB's comment about loading during the missed only applies to GTN. Even there, it's pretty limited. You have to already be in the published missed hold. Depending where you fly, just being on the published missed can be a rarity. Even when I have gotten the published hold for real, I've never made it into the hold unless I asked for it.
 
Matthew, small clarification. GNS or GTN? Cataloging works for both, but @TCAMB's comment about loading during the missed only applies to GTN. Even there, it's pretty limited. You have to already be in the published missed hold. Depending where you fly, just being on the published missed can be a rarity. Even when I have gotten the published hold for real, I've never made it into the hold unless I asked for it.
GTN 650.
 
I flew my commercial xc earlier this week. I filed the whole route for a couple reasons: being looked after, and extra experience using the system. I’m relatively new to IFR, so it was a good opportunity. Around here it’s nearly a certainty you’ll get “cleared as filed” so any other clearances might be a discussion back at the FBO. After a lunch and fuel stop I did get a complex clearance and had to enter it all.

I used to be familiar with the 430 a very long time ago, and I know the “flow” has become more intuitive.
 
I used to be familiar with the 430 a very long time ago, and I know the “flow” has become more intuitive.
There are differences in capability (ability to enter airways; painting random holds, etc) and the touchscreen means certain functions will be accessed a bit differently, but the basic Garmin logic and flow hasn't changed much since the GPSMap handhelds.

Of course, "hasn't changed much," is a bit like "intuitive" - in the mind of the beholder. I've had more than one deer in the headlights look when I've said, "it does this just like your 430" when doing transition training to a GTN. Some of that is, they never knew how to do it in the 430, but more seems to be that they just don't see the similarity. Either way, I look for the reaction to let me know how much work will be involved.
 
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