NEXRAD sweeps 360 degrees at different elevation tilts to get a 3D picture of the weather. Each elevation takes about 20 seconds and there are typically about 14 of them. Essentially everyone else takes the latest complete 3D volume scan of all 14, every few minutes combines all of those from the ~150 sites across the country, spends a couple minutes stitching all of that data together and processing it (in part because now that’s a lot of data to send all at once), and so by the end of that you have data in there that’s maybe as old as 15 minutes and some that’s as new as a few minutes ago if the processing is reasonably fast.
I developed an algorithm that allows us to efficiently stitch the data together in the app on the fly (instead of having to use a big computer server-side and combine it all at once), so we just continually send each of those 20 second sweeps to the app and use the most recent picture of that part of the weather. So the newest data ends up being about 30 seconds old, and depending on coverage and the exact scan mode, the oldest data in active precip is somewhere between about 30 seconds and 2 minutes old in the worst case (and we’ll show a coverage gap if the data is somehow older than that).