Except by all accounts, it was the airlines who pressured Boeing to keep the MAX as a variant which capped designs changes and the type/level of training needed. But more importantly, the FAA allowed that customer pressure to influence the decision and failed in their regulatory role. That was the systemic failure side of the equation.And, the reason I think Boeing bears a large part of the blame here is that I have never heard of any airline having had, prior to these crashes, sufficient information to do better
On the pilot side, there have been several in depth reports on the actions of all the pilot’s involved with both accidents to include the Lion jump seat pilot mentioned above. Nowhere is luck mentioned. And when those pilot actions were reviewed to mitigate the negative results, they were able determine the airline was at the root of a number of those negative results.
In the end, the airlines pushed for the variant classification which limited the available knowledge to the pilots which in turn reduced the training requirements and the FAA permitted it. So while Boeing got stuck in the middle and made a very poor decision, the ultimate blame is on the airline, with the FAA a close 2nd.
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