For inop equiptment, ie radios, airconditioning systems, brakes etc. there is the MEL, or Minimum Equiptment List. For missing static wicks, inspection plates, gear doors, wing tips etc. there is the CDL, or Configuration Devation List. This list covers those parts of the aircraft that can be missing or removed and the aircraft still operated on a revenue flight. Some times depending on what is missing there are weight and or speed restriction. These lists are developed by the aircraft manufacturer and the airlines with approval by the FAA. Airlines could not operate without 600 mph speed tape.
Ron