Just what the H-E double hockey sticks does leverage mean in non-economics speak? Until I really understand what leverage means I surely will not know "heavily leveraged" means or ""de-leverage". Does it mean indebted?
Just an inquiring mind here......
Keith:
Leverage comes in many forms and because all of it does not need to be reported, it's difficult to quantify. As a consumer, you can borrow to purchase a home or car which is leveraging. In simple terms, if you borrow to purchase an asset and it increases in value, it increases the return on your equity. If the value declines, the debt stays the same and your equity quickly decreases. For instance, if you purchase a home for cash, it isn't leveraged. If you put up 1 dollar and borrow 9, it is leveraged 9 to 1. If the home becomes worth 11, your equity doubles after paying off debt, from 1 to 2. If the home goes down 1, the debt stays the same and your equity becomes zero.
We have a lot of folks that borrow all the money to purchase a home or put up little equity. Homes have gone down over 30% in some areas, therefore, the homeowner's equity is zero or they actually owe money if they sell.
Banks leverage their capital 12 to 1. They only need to have $8 in equity for $100 in loans. Credit default swaps use high leverage. No matter what they call it, if one puts up a small amount of equity and the balance of the purchase price is carried by debt or contract, it's leverage.
We became addicted to leverage as a society. Brokerage firms made huge profits in an up market using leverage. Now that bubble has burst and assets are declining in price. The debt is still due and the equity is gone or is greatly diminished.
Best,
Dave