Bill was one of the "big kids" when I was growing up in Boulder City, Nevada - and I hadn't heard about him after I moved away, until I read something he wrote about ten years ago. It conveys his love for flying, despite the risks, and thanks to google, you can still read it:
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.aviation.rotorcraft/msg/56e21d4e4f21379d
My condolences to his family.
The report noted “other significant conditions” of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, cardiomegaly, and acute mixed drug intoxication.
The FAA Bioaeronautical Research Laboratory completed toxicology testing. The tests were negative for carbon monoxide, cyanide, and volatiles. The test was positive for the following tested drugs: 10.01 (ug/ml, ug/g) acetaminophen, 0.055 (ug/ml, ug/g) diazepam, 0.031 (ug/mL, ug/g) dihydrocodeine, doxazosin, 0.152 (ug/ml, ug/g) hydrocodone, and 0.094 (ug/ml, ug/g) nordiazepam, detected in blood; 0.46 (ug/mL, ug/g) dihydrocodeine, doxazosin, 1.755 (ug/ml, ug/g) hydrocodone, 0.54 (ug/mL, ug/g) hydromorphone, and nordiazepam, were detected in urine.
Does anyone know if his wife pulled through?
She did, but recovery is slow. Last I heard, she is eventually expected to fully recover.Does anyone know if his wife pulled through?
Wow, he was "on" a lot of meds.
Yup.. he was...
And while its pretty clear that he was practicing poly-pharmacy, it does not appear to be the obvious cause of the accident.
Why do you suggest that? I'm thinkin' that he was so chemically enhanced that his perception of reality was seriously out of whack. He obviously thought he could fly it out of the situation when it is equally obvious that he wasn't capable of salvaging the situation.
Years of use equals years of tolerance.
What would knock you and me out, might be just enough to prevent withdrawal symptoms in a tolerant user with years of use. And it only render the pain barely manageable.
Denny, I mentioned your analysis to some other folks, and got some push-back on your assessments. Is there a standard source for the toxicity/lethality levels of the various drugs?He was on three different narcotics; Tylenol with Codeine, Vicodin, Dilaudid, I assume in his blood (?) on the first two and urine on the third
The Vicodin level as reported is, high Toxic to low Lethal, range...
The Codeine is at the top of Theraputic and approaching Toxic...
The Valium and it's metabolites are at low levels..
The Tylenol is Theraputic level..
The Cardura is Theraputic level...
Since a serum level of Dilaudid was not reported I will not speculate other than to point out that the minimum detection level (for legal purposes) in a drug urine screen is 0.3 ug/ml and he had 0.54 ug/ml suggesting that his serum level was less than toxic...
Now, given only raw numbers, and not given specifically what body fluids each of these were obtained from, and not given the time post mortem, one can only speculate... The elevated Vicodin level is worrisome for impairment of motor skills and perception... The combination of the three narcotics makes that more likely, even where there is habituation...
denny-o (old, really old, EMR doc)