91-109 allows cfis to teach only instrument flight training with a single control! Only exception is beech school they have a
Waiver but it's big$$
All other flight training must by law have dual controls ! Not sure if they
Bust chops
About brakes !
The rule changed a few years ago and was expanded to include BFR's, IPC's, and recent flight experience training. The guy in the left seat does have to be qualified to act as PIC, though. So the BFR must occur BEFORE the previous one expired.
The relevant portion of the Reg reads:
"
(a) No
person may operate a
civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless that
aircraft has fully functioning dual controls. However,
instrument flight instruction may be given in an
airplane that is equipped with a single, functioning throwover control wheel that controls the elevator and ailerons, in place of fixed, dual controls, when -
(1) The instructor has determined that the flight can be conducted safely; and
(2) The
person manipulating the controls has at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate category and class ratings.
(b) An
airplane equipped with a single, functioning throwover control wheel that controls the elevator and ailerons, in place of fixed, dual controls may be used for flight instruction to conduct a flight review required by
§ 61.56 of this chapter, or to obtain recent flight experience or an
instrument proficiency check required by § 61.57 when -
(1) The
airplane is equipped with operable rudder pedals at both pilot stations;
(2) The pilot manipulating the controls is qualified to serve and serves as
pilot in command during the entire flight;
(3) The instructor is current and qualified to serve as
pilot in command of the
airplane, meets the requirements of
§ 61.195(b), and has logged at least 25 hours of pilot-in-command
flight time in the make and model of
airplane; and
(4) The
pilot in command and the instructor have determined the flight can be conducted safely."
