Interesting Read on the Sinking of the El Faro

It popped up on my computer and I read it. Interesting piece. Very entertainingly written. But... lots of speculation, drama, and entertainment. I'd call it more entertaining than hard news informative. That may have been its intent. Worth reading, for sure. I'd be very interested in a review by marine-knowledgeable folks.
Seems like a horrible situation.
 
Seems like a horrible situation.
It was a horrible situation, but ENTIRELY avoidable.

It boils down to complacency. On a lot of fronts.

Shipping companies doing the bare minimum. Regulators (ABS and the USCG) looking the other way and unions that are in bed with the shipping companies.

The unions today are more focused on getting the contracts than protecting their members. They have failed. Ship captains do not have the power today that they did decades ago.

Where an airline captain would say ‘No’ to an unsafe situation or insist on diversion and be backed up by their union, we are seeing more and more vessel masters who seem to be operating in fear of the shipping company and do not assert themselves. They won’t take charge. They defer the big decisions to the executives on the beach.

That is pretty much what happened to El Faro. The master screwed the pooch and took everyone with him. I read the entire transcript when it came out. As a former deep sea merchant mariner, it angered me more than any CVR transcript I’ve ever read.
 
And it was US-flagged, rather than a flag of convenience... the standards tend to be higher with US flags. FT is right.
 
Read it this morning. Great read, well written and sad ending

There's many themes that carry over to aviation
 
And it was US-flagged, rather than a flag of convenience... the standards tend to be higher with US flags. FT is right.
I’ve dealt with class society inspections along with Coast Guard inspections on US an foreign flagged vessels operating in US waters.

Class inspections are mostly an insurance thing. There can be some leeway granted by the flagging nation as to what is inspected. Usually structure and propulsion are the big items. For US flagged the auxiliary equipment would also be inspected. The inspections of equipment could be superficial or in depth depending on the individual inspector. You could have rusted out bilges and an inspector probably wouldn’t see that which surprised the heck out of me. Repairs to structure wouldn’t even be noted if it had paint on it.

Coast Guard inspections are mostly a paperwork exercise but sometimes ya have to show a piece of safety equipment will work as advertised. For US flagged vessels all safety equipment had to be CG approved which meant a lot of stuff was obsolete. For foreign flagged vessels the terms equivalent and acceptable to flagging nation got used. We still had to be careful with major items like lifeboats where no modifications were allowed. There were some lifeboats which could inadvertently freefall and no one would let us fix them because of various rules...that sorta sucked.
 
I’ve dealt with class society inspections along with Coast Guard inspections on US an foreign flagged vessels operating in US waters.

Class inspections are mostly an insurance thing. There can be some leeway granted by the flagging nation as to what is inspected. Usually structure and propulsion are the big items. For US flagged the auxiliary equipment would also be inspected. The inspections of equipment could be superficial or in depth depending on the individual inspector. You could have rusted out bilges and an inspector probably wouldn’t see that which surprised the heck out of me. Repairs to structure wouldn’t even be noted if it had paint on it.

Coast Guard inspections are mostly a paperwork exercise but sometimes ya have to show a piece of safety equipment will work as advertised. For US flagged vessels all safety equipment had to be CG approved which meant a lot of stuff was obsolete. For foreign flagged vessels the terms equivalent and acceptable to flagging nation got used. We still had to be careful with major items like lifeboats where no modifications were allowed. There were some lifeboats which could inadvertently freefall and no one would let us fix them because of various rules...that sorta sucked.
Many, many years ago I did some maritime inspections for the Feds - I focused on the radio equipment. Back then, it was LW, CW and HF voice under SOLAS. It's satellite now. I haven't been on a ship in 30 years, but recall the whole inspection process and differences between US and SOLAS inspections. EPIRBs were a particular problem back then.

Best ships I was on were Japanese and Norwegian. Worst were some of the US ships (some old Liberty ships that were real rust buckets back then) and some of the flag-of-convenience vessels.
 
I am starting to see that, especially after having been in a small sailboat on a big ocean.
Yeah, similar decisions and a chain of relatively innocuous events can lead to a major oh s*** moment

From the article it looked like the captain may have been under some pressure to fulfill the trip, given his prior termination, and once he made a course of action choosing to stay with it and press on, that seemed like a little bit of tunnel vision to me. You would think that with several of your crew warning you and the data and conditions worsening you would stay ahead of the curve and turn south sooner, but you also want to save face with your crew, and, admittedly, this guy did have a ton of experience. There are plenty of videos on YouTube of big ships riding out insane storms.. it's like, how many times can you take your single engine piston down to minimums until you get yourself in trouble

Anyway, I don't blame the captain, but it's a crappy chain of events that ultimately screwed them
 
Yeah, similar decisions and a chain of relatively innocuous events can lead to a major oh s*** moment
Anyway, I don't blame the captain, but it's a crappy chain of events that ultimately screwed them

A chain of events was responsible? Gotta disagree entirely. The master of the vessel is responsible for crew, ship, and cargo. If he was worried about his job because of management actions, well, that worry is long gone now.

I've heard the BS from shore when I was responsible for the equipment on the vessel. I've watched others listen to the BS from shore when they were responsible for the crew and vessel. Ya gotta tell'em how the cow ate the cabbage and do what's right. If ya can't do that then take yourself out of the position. Sorry, but I've dealt with too many weasels over the years to have much sympathy for folks who wanted the pay but weren't willing to do the job. Continuing this rant, the job of the guys on the beach is to support the guys on the vessel. It's easy to ignore that part of the job, give in to the accountants, give in to that tee time, or cocktail hour. It's much harder to actually say, "what do you need Captain?" and then execute. It used to **** me off when someone on the shore would abdicate the support role without assisting with analyzing the situation and advising on course of action. We used to do it from shore by starting with "hey, you've got a tropical storm in the gulf how much time do you need to secure and evac?" It was a required report from the vessel but we took it as a required prompt from us to the vessel.
 
Gotta disagree entirely
Maybe "don't blame the captain" didn't convey the point I was trying to make. He obviously didn't intend to sink the ship and kill everyone on board, but I can empathize with what he went through.. getting the weather reports, thinking he was making responsible decisions, and also knowing that there is a chance that if he misses his schedule he'll be out of a job

You aren't expecting the oil sumps to stop picking up oil, or for the ship to start taking on water. In the ship's nearly 50 year history I am sure it had been through some hard core crap

Was just watching YouTube cruise hurricane videos. One of them the third deck window in the cabin is completely submerged, just black. The room is full of college bros laughing, but if that, or any of the hundreds of windows on the floor gives out, that situation can turn serious in a heart beat

Hindsight is 20/20.. so yes it was "his fault" they sank. He could have taken a southerly course from the get go, or delayed the trip 3 days. But he took a calculated risk that unfortunately didn't pan out. I feel bad for the guy. The last few lines of the Vanity Fair article are hard to read
 
Maybe "don't blame the captain" didn't convey the point I was trying to make. He obviously didn't intend to sink the ship and kill everyone on board, but I can empathize with what he went through.. getting the weather reports, thinking he was making responsible decisions, and also knowing that there is a chance that if he misses his schedule he'll be out of a job

You aren't expecting the oil sumps to stop picking up oil, or for the ship to start taking on water. In the ship's nearly 50 year history I am sure it had been through some hard core crap

Was just watching YouTube cruise hurricane videos. One of them the third deck window in the cabin is completely submerged, just black. The room is full of college bros laughing, but if that, or any of the hundreds of windows on the floor gives out, that situation can turn serious in a heart beat

Hindsight is 20/20.. so yes it was "his fault" they sank. He could have taken a southerly course from the get go, or delayed the trip 3 days. But he took a calculated risk that unfortunately didn't pan out. I feel bad for the guy. The last few lines of the Vanity Fair article are hard to read
Maybe the author was successful in generating sympathy for the captain. That said: the captain clearly failed to take the actions necessary to preserve crew, ship, and cargo. What you call "a calculated risk" was a guess based on old data when new data was available. That was followed by failing to maintain awareness of the storm position and intensity. I've watched the professionals who got it done. They don't wait for someone to tell them the right thing to do, they just do it. I understand some folks can't understand command responsibility in this world where everyone gets a participation prize. Finally, if he feared for his job then he really wasn't acting as captain and should not have accepted the position. Hey, it's okay to be first mate if you can't handle the responsibility.
 
Maybe the author was successful in generating sympathy for the captain.
I didn't find the captain to be a particularly sympathetic character, even in the Vanity Fair version.
 
I didn't find the captain to be a particularly sympathetic character, even in the Vanity Fair version.
Nor did I but you and I both know the responsibility of command.
 
I am starting to see that, especially after having been in a small sailboat on a big ocean.

Nice to hear you've been pursuing that pastime. :thumbsup:
 
Nice to hear you've been pursuing that pastime. :thumbsup:
In this case I was one of the passengers. But I watched the captain make the decision to delay our departure even though it meant that one of the other passengers threw a tantrum. "I have to be home on (a certain day)!!" After a bit of this, the captain pretty much told him, no he didn't have to be home on any particular day. I told the captain that I totally supported his safety-based decision, and that I could wait as long a he thought was appropriate. After all, it was a 4-day crossing in the Southern Ocean.

I am going to take my first sailing course in a couple weeks. :)
 
And it was US-flagged, rather than a flag of convenience... the standards tend to be higher with US flags. FT is right.

In this case US flagged worked against the safety of the trip. A carrier not subject to the Jones act could have replaced that rustbucket decades ago with something ordered from a Korean shipyard.
 
That was followed by failing to maintain awareness of the storm position and intensity.
That's the part I didn't understand. Initially it looked like they were pouring over charts and really trying to come up with a solid strategy. But then once they made their first 10* turn to the right the captain went to bed and basically said F* it. That's the part that had me puzzled.. why he was using the ancient BVS data instead of the more recent data.. or even what their own barometer was showing?? Maybe you are right, maybe he shouldn't have been in charge. The fact that he had to call the shore people and basically ask for permission to use the distress button was odd to me, also the part about asking for permission to take a southerly routing.. I would hope the person in charge also knows when to say no and make that call

I didn't find the captain to be a particularly sympathetic character, even in the Vanity Fair version.
His character seemed to shift in the article. I chocked that up to the whole chain of command thing.. when the S* hits the fan it's his job to seem confident and unwavered. I read a submarine story somewhere where they were getting depth charged, people are panicking, and the commanding officer sat down with a book. The idea was to seem calm and collected.. I think it was either the Chief of the Boat or the XO that gave him a nudge that the book was upside down

At the end of the day, I'm not saying the guy did the right thing.. ultimately the ship sank and people died.. he clearly F'd up. But I also wouldn't have wanted to trade places with him anywhere throughout that story

QUESTION to the group. I've spent some time on the water (even had a 6 pack type license at one point, that I later didn't renew) and have many friends in the military, so am not totally alien to the chain of command thing. But, if several chief people think that the captain is wrong, is there a vehicle for them to take over? Or is that basically a mutiny and severely frowned upon.. Seems like a couple people in this story knew they were headed for trouble, so wondering if there was any real option for these guys to over rule the captain and change course
 
My take is they knowingly and unknowingly chipped away at their safety margin right up until it was too late. Every decision pointed them closer to danger until the point where the stackup of bad eroded all of the margin they had. One thing to remember on the sea and in the air - weather forecasts are forecasts, not promises. "It ain't supposed to get any worse" or "It's only supposed to be a Cat 1" is only a prediction, not a guarantee.
 
like a couple people in this story knew they were headed for trouble, so wondering if there was any real option for these guys to over rule the captain and change course

In commercial ops what ya do is take the person in charge aside and 'discuss' the situation. The discussion isn't over the phone. I've seen it done slightly more publicly by a very strong willed person. It's an interesting dynamic.
 
His character seemed to shift in the article. I chocked that up to the whole chain of command thing.. when the S* hits the fan it's his job to seem confident and unwavered. I read a submarine story somewhere where they were getting depth charged, people are panicking, and the commanding officer sat down with a book. The idea was to seem calm and collected.. I think it was either the Chief of the Boat or the XO that gave him a nudge that the book was upside down.
It's one thing to remain calm and not panic. However, the captain in the story seemed pretty disengaged from the problem, and unwilling to go on to plan B, C, D, or E.
 
Well, him and his crew unfortunately paid the ultimate price for it. Hopefully lessons can be learned from this
 
That's the part I didn't understand. Initially it looked like they were pouring over charts and really trying to come up with a solid strategy. But then once they made their first 10* turn to the right the captain went to bed and basically said F* it. That's the part that had me puzzled.. why he was using the ancient BVS data instead of the more recent data.. or even what their own barometer was showing?? Maybe you are right, maybe he shouldn't have been in charge. The fact that he had to call the shore people and basically ask for permission to use the distress button was odd to me, also the part about asking for permission to take a southerly routing.. I would hope the person in charge also knows when to say no and make that call

I chock that up to "confirmation bias". He selected the weather data that confirmed what he wanted to believe, that the storm was not going to be that bad, or get that close, and that the NWS data was overexagerrated. Who knows, if the engine had kept running, and the hatches stayed latched down, they might have even lucked out and survived this little cruise from hell.
 
QUESTION to the group. I've spent some time on the water (even had a 6 pack type license at one point, that I later didn't renew) and have many friends in the military, so am not totally alien to the chain of command thing. But, if several chief people think that the captain is wrong, is there a vehicle for them to take over? Or is that basically a mutiny and severely frowned upon.. Seems like a couple people in this story knew they were headed for trouble, so wondering if there was any real option for these guys to over rule the captain and change course
I know nothing first-hand, but it's my understanding that, just like cockpit resource management in airplanes, modern ship crews are taught something similar. I have no idea if the old ways of doing things are giving way to the new, where the captain is supposed to seriously consider observations and suggestions by the crew, and the crew is supposed to speak up with concerns.

This is from the NTSB report. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/MAR1701.pdf (page 244)

Screen Shot 2018-04-05 at 19.42.11.png
 
I chock that up to "confirmation bias". He selected the weather data that confirmed what he wanted to believe, that the storm was not going to be that bad, or get that close, and that the NWS data was overexagerrated. Who knows, if the engine had kept running, and the hatches stayed latched down, they might have even lucked out and survived this little cruise from hell.
My perspective is a little different. Once they were taking green water over the bow the cargo was in peril. Action was required at that point. No action was taken.
 
Not that it mattered, but this crap made me CRAZY when working SAR Communications... same freaking problem time and time and time again...

"The Coast Guard later determined that SAROPS had interpreted the position 23.28N, 73.48W (in degrees and minutes) as decimal degrees (23.28°N, 073.48°W) and converted it to degrees and decimal minutes using the Coast Guard’s format (23-16.8N, 073-28.8W). The SAROPS position was off by 23 nm compared with the last known position entered into MISLE. As a result, the Coast Guard launched its search for survivors 23 nm from the accident site."
 
In this case US flagged worked against the safety of the trip. A carrier not subject to the Jones act could have replaced that rustbucket decades ago with something ordered from a Korean shipyard.
Regulation is not always a good thing....
 
My perspective is a little different. Once they were taking green water over the bow the cargo was in peril. Action was required at that point. No action was taken.

Hours before that, the watchstander was worried that the ship didn't behave right and was wondering whether it was a stack of containers that had come loose or whether they had water in a cargo hold.
 
It has been reported that a major merchant ship goes down somewhere in the world every two or three days; most are ships sailing under flags of convenience, with underpaid crews and poor safety records.
This is exactly what NAI are trying to do in the aviation market. Scary.
 
That was a chilling read. This is a case where I'd be interested in Henning's take.
 
That was a chilling read. This is a case where I'd be interested in Henning's take.
He wouldn’t know.

Henning was yacht captain and did time on small vessels. He has a 1600 ton masters license. He never sailed deep sea merchant marine.

Asking Henning about El Faro would be like asking a corporate pilot to comment about 121 operations. Very different worlds.
 
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And it was US-flagged, rather than a flag of convenience... the standards tend to be higher with US flags. FT is right.
The idea that the standards are higher for US Flag has become a bit of a fallacy.

I believe that the Jones Act is a necessity if anything from a defense standpoint. But sadly, the Jones Act has created an industry that is a facade. I graduated and got my license from the same school that the Master of El Faro did. I felt that I received an excellent education there and it did a much better job of preparing me for life after college than the liberal arts schools I had attended previously.

But I entered an industry that was a shell of its former self. There was a lot of pride and belief that we needed the Jones Act to protect the fact that our labor was more valuable than foreign crews because we were far more professional and knowledgeable. And while that may have been true at the time, over the years, those foreign crews have actually improved to the point where we (the US Flag) are the substandard ones.

I have a classmate who is a Chesapeake Bay Pilot. They (the Pilots) do not like the US ships. The crews are deficient in their knowledge and heavy on their egos. They much prefer working the foreign ships as they actually seem to know what they are doing and are far more professional.

I have another classmate who is a senior officer in the USCG. He actually inspected El Faro at one point. That ship was not an anomaly.

Another classmate works admiralty law for the DOJ. The crap he has to defend is embarrassing.

And until few months ago, my reserve job was at Military Sealift Command. I was actually on a short active duty mobilization last fall during hurricane season working in operations at MSC. I will say that right now, the MSC grey hull fleet (government owned and operated) is probably the best overall proficient segment of the US Flag. For the most part, they hold themselves to high standards largely because they have to. The contract operators that we dealt with on the other hand pretty much were in line with the experiences of my other classmates.

El Faro is really just the tip of the iceberg. The part that you don't see is a much bigger problem and the industry really needs to get its collective stuff together if they have any hope of keeping the protection of the Jones Act because its only a matter of time before Jones Act opponents make the case that it isn't doing what they said it was supposed to do...
 
My take is they knowingly and unknowingly chipped away at their safety margin right up until it was too late. Every decision pointed them closer to danger until the point where the stackup of bad eroded all of the margin they had. One thing to remember on the sea and in the air - weather forecasts are forecasts, not promises. "It ain't supposed to get any worse" or "It's only supposed to be a Cat 1" is only a prediction, not a guarantee.
It really is a classic error chain. Like the NTSB said, the decision to leave port and attempt the voyage was not in itself an unsound decision. But they (particularly the master and chief mate) were making one bad decision after the other.

One of the first things that got my blood boiling in the transcript was the discussion between the third mate and second mate about not taking additional storm lashing before they got underway.

The master and chief mate essentially made the decision to leave port quickly to attempt to outrun the storm. Again, while a slightly risky move, that in itself was not a fatal error. But when the forecast worsened, the Chief Mate should have been screaming to the master to change course if anything to protect the cargo. That's the chief mate's job. They were already at a disadvantage, but the lack of storm lashing should have encouraged the decision to divert. But where a chief mate 20-30 years ago would have asserted himself, this one was just going along with whatever the captain thought. You even see this when the Master and Chief Mate adjust the track without discussing with the Second Mate (ship's navigator).

So you basically had two bad decision makers reinforcing each other. Meanwhile, I got the impression from the transcript that they knew the decisions were bad the second and third mate were used to be told to shut up and color.
 
The idea that the standards are higher for US Flag has become a bit of a fallacy.

I believe that the Jones Act is a necessity if anything from a defense standpoint. But sadly, the Jones Act has created an industry that is a facade. I graduated and got my license from the same school that the Master of El Faro did. I felt that I received an excellent education there and it did a much better job of preparing me for life after college than the liberal arts schools I had attended previously.

But I entered an industry that was a shell of its former self. There was a lot of pride and belief that we needed the Jones Act to protect the fact that our labor was more valuable than foreign crews because we were far more professional and knowledgeable. And while that may have been true at the time, over the years, those foreign crews have actually improved to the point where we (the US Flag) are the substandard ones.

I have a classmate who is a Chesapeake Bay Pilot. They (the Pilots) do not like the US ships. The crews are deficient in their knowledge and heavy on their egos. They much prefer working the foreign ships as they actually seem to know what they are doing and are far more professional.

I have another classmate who is a senior officer in the USCG. He actually inspected El Faro at one point. That ship was not an anomaly.

Another classmate works admiralty law for the DOJ. The crap he has to defend is embarrassing.

And until few months ago, my reserve job was at Military Sealift Command. I was actually on a short active duty mobilization last fall during hurricane season working in operations at MSC. I will say that right now, the MSC grey hull fleet (government owned and operated) is probably the best overall proficient segment of the US Flag. For the most part, they hold themselves to high standards largely because they have to. The contract operators that we dealt with on the other hand pretty much were in line with the experiences of my other classmates.

El Faro is really just the tip of the iceberg. The part that you don't see is a much bigger problem and the industry really needs to get its collective stuff together if they have any hope of keeping the protection of the Jones Act because its only a matter of time before Jones Act opponents make the case that it isn't doing what they said it was supposed to do...
No disagreement. Laws and regulations are a two-edged sword and can do as much damage as they do good.

I was speaking from experience 30 years ago. Things have changed. I also note that some countries - notably Japan and Norway that I can speak to personally were - even back then - far and away better than either the US fleet or the Panama/Liberia flags of convenience. Again, 30+ years ago, I fully believe that things are worse now.

Back then, the US regs were more stringent than the SOLAS regs and the inspections reflected that. I haven't followed the revisions, but I can fully see the US falling behind and that the regs make it harder to improve US ships than convenience flags.
 
But when the forecast worsened, the Chief Mate should have been screaming to the master to change course if anything to protect the cargo.
The failure to protect the cargo certainly caught my eye. It seemed like the cargo wasn’t a consideration, the important thing was the schedule. I’ve seen the same thing in offshore supply. I’m sure fuel cost is a major concern. How many containers have to be lost to equal the cost of a day’s worth of fuel? I’m thinking that number is less than five and might be just one depending on what’s in the container.
 
El Faro is really just the tip of the iceberg. The part that you don't see is a much bigger problem and the industry really needs to get its collective stuff together if they have any hope of keeping the protection of the Jones Act because its only a matter of time before Jones Act opponents make the case that it isn't doing what they said it was supposed to do...

Don't disagree, and to bring it around to aviation, the thing is that imo airline pilots stand more to lose by the repeal of the Jones Act than our already subverted maritime industry. Which is another way of saying, if someone stopped sailing boats to fly airplanes because they thought the latter paid better, wait until cabotage gets tossed in US aviation.
 
Don't disagree, and to bring it around to aviation, the thing is that imo airline pilots stand more to lose by the repeal of the Jones Act than our already subverted maritime industry. Which is another way of saying, if someone stopped sailing boats to fly airplanes because they thought the latter paid better, wait until cabotage gets tossed in US aviation.

Well at least the radio work will be entertaining.

 
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